Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/235

Rh Prench in many ways in their strife against the English, and carried to Victor Hugues {q. v.) in Guadeloupe, in 1794, re-enforcements and supplies, which enabled him to drive out his enemies. He afterward entered the service of the French repub- lic, and held various commands in the West Indian colonies. He was sent in 1797 to Louisiana as agent of the French to study public opinion, and having reported that the people were willing to re- tui'n to French rule provided slavery were main- tained in their territory, the government began ne- gotiations for the retrocession of that colony, which took place in 1800. Having become almost blind in 1799, Marchal returned home, where he died a few years later. His notes and manuscripts were published afterward, but, owing to subsequent -events in Europe, they were scarcely noticed. His works include " Rapport au directoire de la re- publique Fran5aise sur I'opinion publique en Louisiane" (Paris, 1798); "Peregrinations d'un touriste a travers les principales Antilles " (2 vols., 1804) ; and " Histoire des colonies Hollandaises dans l'Amerique" (3 vols., Amsterdam, 1807).

MARCHAND, Etienne (raar-shan), West In- dian navigator, b. in the island of Granada, 13 July, 1755; d. in Mauritius, 15 May, 1793. He was a merchant, trading with both Americas, and in 1788 resolved on a voyage around the world for commercial purposes. Sailing from Marseilles on 14 Dec, 1790, on the ship " Le Solide," he sighted Staten island on 1 April, passed it, and sailed for twenty days around Tierra del Fuego, making sur- veys and soundings along the coasts. He arrived on 20 June at the Marquesas, and, after visiting other islands of Polynesia, he returned to the coast of America. He afterward visited the northern coast of China and Siberia, and returned to Europe in 1792. Charles Fleurien (q. v.) has published a narrative of Marchand's voyage, with the marine charts that were prepared by that navigator (Paris, 1798). The narrative contains some new and in- teresting information about the northwest coast of North America. Marchand's astronomical obser- vations in Berkley sound and along the coasts of Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia are among the most complete ever made in those regions.

MARCHAND, Felix Gabriel, Canadian author, h. in St. John's, Lower Canada, 9 Jan., 1832. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe college, studied law, and was admitted as a notary in 1855. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel in the Richelieu light infantry in 1866, was in active service during va- rious Fenian raids, and was sent to re-enforce Lieut.-Col. Osborne Smith at the time of that at Eccles Hill in 1870. He retired from active ser- vice in 1880, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was first elected to the legislative assembly of the province of Quebec in 1867 for the county of St. John's, and has been rechosen at every suc- cessive election. He became a member of the ex- ecutive council, and provincial secretary on 8 March, 1878, which portfolio he retained till he was appointed commissioner of crown lands on 19 March, 1879. He resigned this office on 30 Oct., 1879, and was elected speaker of the legislative as- sembly, 29 Jan., 1887. Mr. Marehand aided in establishing the St. John's manufacturing com- pany, the St. John's woollen factory, the St. John's building society, and the Banque de St. Jean. He founded, in 1860, and was for several years editor and proprietor of, " Le Franco-Canadien " news- paper at St. John's, was chief editor of the Liberal daily " Le Temps," of Montreal, and has contrib- uted to many of the French Canadian newspapers. He received from the French government the dec- oration of an officer of public instruction in 1879, has been appointed a member of the Royal society of Canada, section of French literature, and was elected president of that section in May, 1884. Mr. Marehand has written much for the stage. Among other works he is the author of the prose comedies " Fatenville " and " Erreur n'est pas compte " ; the comedies in verse " Un bonheur en attire iin autre " and " Les faux brilliants " ; and " Le lauriat de I'universite," a comic opera.

MARCHAND, John Bonnett, naval officer, b. in Greensborough, Pa., 27 Aug., 1808; d. in Car- lisle, Pa., 13 April, 1875. He entered the U. S. navy in 1828 as midshipman, and was promoted lieutenant in 1840, commander in 1855, captain in 1862, and commodore in 1866. He commanded the steamer " Van Buren " in the operations against the Seminole Indians in 1841-'2, participated in the bombardment of Vera Cruz and the capture of Tuspan in 1847, and had charge of the steam- er " Memphis " in the Paraguay expedition of 1859-'60. During the civil war he commanded the steamer " James Adger '* in the South Atlantic blockading squadron in 1862, participated in the capture of Fernandini, and was slightly wounded while reconnoitring in Stone river in March of that year. He had charge of the sloop " Lacka- wanna," of the Eastern Gulf squadron, in 1863-'4, and participated in the battle of Mobile Bay, 5 Aug., 1864, during which he twice rammed the iron-clad " Tennessee." In August, 1870, he was retired from active service.

MARCHANT, Dalton Edward, artist, b. in Edgartown, Mass, 16 Dec, 1806 : d. in Asburv Park, N. J., 15 Aug., 1887. He first exhibited in 1829, at the National academy of design. He went to the west about 1843, followed his profession with suc- cess in several cities, and resided chiefiy in Nash- ville, Tenn. He settled in Philadelphia in 1845, and painted many portraits. Among them are that of John Quincy Adams, from which the portrait in the first volume of this work is engraved, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, Bishop Meade, and that of President Lincoln, now in the council-chamber of Independence hall, Philadelphia. Many of his other works are in the building of the Union league club of that citv, of which he was a member.

MARCHANT, Henry, member of the Conti- nental congress, b. in Martha's Vineyard, Mass., in April, 1741 ; d. in Newport, R. I., 30 Aug., 1796. He was graduated at Philadelphia college in 1762, studied law under Edmund Trowbridge in Cam- bridge, Mass.. and settled in Newport, R. I. He was attorney-general of that state in 1770-'7, and a member of the assembly. He was an ardent pa- triot, and foremost in the pre- Revolutionary move- ments, serving as chairman of the committee to prepare instruction to the delegates in congress. He was a member of that body in 1777-'80 and 1783-'4, and afterward of the state convention that adopted the U. S. constitution. From 1790 until the time of his death he was judge of the U. S. district court of Rhode Island. Yale gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1792.

MARCOU, Jules (mar-koe), geologist, b. in Salins, France, 20 April, 1824; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 24 April, 1898. He studied at the college of Besançon, after which failing health led to his making excursions into Switzerland, where he acquired a fondness for natural science. In 1845 he became associated with Jules Thurmann in his work on the geology of the Jura mountains, and while engaged in this undertaking met Louis Agassiz. He was appointed assistant in the mineralogical department of the Sorbonne in 1846, and also classified