Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/233

Rh feated in January, 1615, and the Portuguese occupied the city. In a few months more the whole island and all the French colonies in Brazil were in his power, and from that time Alburquerque took the name of Maranhiio, which is still used by his descendants in Brazil.

MARBAU, Pedro de (mar-bow'), Spanish missionary, b. in Toledo, Spain, about 1630 ; d. in Lima about 1706. He went to South America in 1665, and was attached to the missions of Bolivia. In 1675 he became assistant to the superior of the Bolivian missions, and was charged by him with the exploration of the vast territory of the Moxos Indians, situated between 13° and 16° of south latitude. The mission was successful. The Jesuits were kindly received by the natives, and organized them into villages. A few years later 20,000 Indi- ans composed the new Moxos missions, and the country possessed churches and factories. Marbau held for a few years the post of superior general of the Moxos missions, but his health failed and he retired to Lima, where he became chaplain to his kinsman, the Count of Monclova, the viceroy. He published " Arte de la Lengua Moxa con su vo- cabulario y Catecismo " (Lima, 1701).

MARBLE, Danford, actor, b. in East Windsor, Conn., in 1807 ; d. in Louisville, Ky., 13 May, 1849. He made his first appearance on the stage in 1831 as Rollin Roughhead in " Fortune's Frolic," at Chatham garden, New York city, and then visited all the important cities in the United States, being successful as a delineator of American character. He went to England in 1845, and played at the Strand theatre as Deuteronomy Dutiful. — His wife, Anna Warren, actress, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 1 Dec, 1815, first appeared at the Holliday street theatre in Baltimore, Md., as Rosalie Sum- ers in " Town and Country." She married Mr. Marble in 1836, and for many years was a popular actress. Her last appearance was in Chicago, 111., in the winter of 1868-9.

MARBLE, Manton, journalist, b. in Worcester, Mass., 16 Nov., 1835. He was graduated at the University of Rochester in 1855, soon afterward became connected with the Boston " Journal," and subsequently edited the " Traveller." He removed to New York city in 1858. joined the stall of the " Evening Post," and in 1859 went to the Red river country as its correspondent, contributing also three papers, descriptive of his journey, to •' Har- ?er's Magazine." He was connected with the " New 'ork World " on its establishment in 1860, and in 1862 became its proprietor and editor, making it a free-trade Democratic journal. He retired from the editorial management of the paper in 1876. In 1885 he was sent to Europe as a delegate to the Bi-metallic congress. He has published " A Secret Chapter of Political History ; the Electoral Com- mission ; the Truth concerning Samuel J. Tilden, President de jure, disclosed and stated against some False Representations of his Action, Advice, and Conduct, during the Winter of 1876-'7 " (New York, 1878). Mr. Marble was for several years president of the Manhattan club.

MARBOIS, Francois de Barbe, Marquis de. French diplomatist, b. in Metz, France, 31 Jan., 1745 ; d. in Paris, 14 Jan., 1837. His father was director of the mint at Metz. The son excelled in literary studies and in jurisprudence, and at an early age was appointed tutor to the children of the Marquis de Castries, minister of marine, through whom he obtained in 1779 the post of secretary of legation to the United States during the Revolution. Marbois was the principal agent in the most important operations of the embassy, and, on the return of Luzerne to France, remained in this country as charge d'affaires until 1785, and organized all the French consulates in the United States. He married in Philadelphia, in 1783, the daughter of Gov. William Moore, of Pennsylvania. In 1785 he became intendant of Santo Domingo, where he administered justice with a firm hand, and reorganized the finances. The troubles in 1789 induced him to retire, and in 1792 he was sent by Louis XYI. as ambassador to the German diet. In 1790 he was summoned before the constituent assembly as being a party to the famous "Pacte de famine," or wheat-ring, and as having stored enormous quantities of that grain in the warehouses of his father-in-law, Moore. He presented a refutation of this charge, signed by the most influential citizens of Philadelphia. In September, 1797, the Republican members, who composed the minority of the two assemblies, condemned Marbois, with 52 other deputies, to be transported to Guiana, but no true bill of indictment was found agamsthira. On his return he became first councillor of state in 1800, and in 1801 secretary of the treasury. In 1803 he was appointed to cede Louisiana to the United States for 50,000,000 francs, but was successful in obtaining 80.000,000, a diplomatic measure for which he was liberally rewarded by Napoleon. He was president of the Cour des comptes in 1808, senator in 1813-'14, and in 1814 was the first to vote for the deposition of Napoleon. Louis XVIII. created him a peer. He was keeper of the seals in 1815-'16, and soon afterward was created marquis. Just before Lafayette's death Marbois invited him, with the American minister and several of the latter's compatriots, including Col. Nicolas Fish, to dine with him. Before the repast the company was shown into a room that was in strong contrast with the other elegant apartments. It looked like a large room in a Dutch or Belgian farm-house. On a long, rough table was spread a dinner in keeping with the room: a single dish of meat, uncouth pastry, and wine in bottles and decanters, accompanied by glasses and silver goblets. "Do you know where we are'?" said Marbois to Lafayette and the other guests. The marquis looked at the low ceiling with its heavy, bare beams, and, after a brief pause, exclaimed: "Ah! the seven doors, and the one window, and the silver goblets, such as the marshal of France used in my youth! My friends, we are in Washington's headquarters on the Hudson fifty years ago." Marbois published ^several essays on agriculture and finance, and "Etatdes finances de Saint Domingue " (Port au Prince, 1788); "Reflexions sur la colonie de St. Domingue" (Paris, 1796); "Complot d'Arnold et de Sir Henry Clinton contre les Etats-Unis d'Amerique" (1816; translated, with notes, by William B. Lawrence, Philadelphia, 1830); "L'Histoire de la Louisiane et de la cession de cette colonie" (1828; translated, with notes, by William B. Lawrence, Philadelphia, 1830); and "Memoires de ma vie" (2 vols., Paris, 1835).

MARCADET, Etienne Edonard (mar-kah-day), French-American magistrate, b. in Cayenne in 1773; d. there in 1838. He entered the magistracy in 1795 as assistant district attorney of Cayenne, and became in 1801 judge of the court of common pleas, in 1806 attorney-general of the colony, and in 1817 judge of the supreme court, which post he held till his death in 1838. He published several valuable treatises on colonial legislation, including " Recueil des lois et reglements en vigueur a hi Guiane française sous l'ancienne monarchic " (2 vols., Paris, 1821) ; " Traite de legislation coloniale " (1823) ; " La Guiane doit-elle etre astreinte aux memes lois que la metro-