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184 senate he was chairman of the committee on naval affairs, and a member of the committee on claims. In 1858 President Buchanan tendered him the ap- pointment of minister to Spain, which he declined. On the secession of Florida he was appointed chief justice of the admiralty court of the state, which office he also declined. Jefferson Davis was in- augurated president of the Confederate states on 18 Feb., 1861, and on the 21st he appointed Mr. Malloi-y secretary of the navy, which post he held during the war. He found himself at the head of a naval department on the eve of a great war, without a ship or any of the essentials of a navy. He had not only to organize and administer, but to build the ships and boats, provide as best he could their ordnance and machinery, and create a naval force in a country whose ports were rapidly block- aded and which possessed resources only in a crude state. The timber for his ships stood in the forest ; the iron was in the mines, and there were neither furnaces nor workshops; the hemp for the ropes had to be sown, grown, and reaped, and then there were no rope-walks ; he had no rolling-mill ca- pable of turning out a 2-J-inch iron plate, nor a workshop able to complete a marine engine. Mr. Mallory left Richmond in company with Jeilerson Davis on the abandonment of that city by the Con- federate government in April,186o. At Washington, Ga., they separated, Mr. Mallory going to La Grange, Ga., where his family were then living. On 20 May, 1865, he was arrested and was taken to Fort Lafayette, Xew York harbor, where he was confined ten months, and released on parole in March, 1866. He returned to Pensacola in July, 1866, still under parole, and resumed the practice of law, which he continued until his death.

MALONEY, Maurice, soldier, b. in Ireland about 1812; d. in Green Bay, Wis., 8 Jan., 1872. He emigrated to the United States early in life, en- listed in the 4th U. S. infantry about 1835, and was a non-commissioned officer from 1836 till 1846. serv- ing through the Seminole war in Florida and in the Cherokee nation, and afterward at Fort Scott. In November, 1846, he was commissioned lieutenant. He was engaged at all the principal battles of the Mexican war, was brevetted for gallantry at Moliiio del Rey, where he was one of the storming party, and again for his conduct at Chapultepec, and was wounded at the taking of the city of Mexico, and promoted 1st lieutenant on 6 May, 1848. He received a captain's commission on 22 Nov., 1854, and served on the western frontier and in tiie war of secession till September, 1862, when he was pro- moted major in the 1st U. S. infantry, and served as colonel of the 13th Wisconsin volunteers, and afterward with his regiment in the field. He re- ceived the brevet of lieutenant-colonel for services at the siege of Vicksburg, and that of colonel for his record during the war. He was promoted lieu- tenant-colonel on 16 June, 1867. commanded for some time the barracks at Atlanta, Ga., and was retired on 15 Dec, 1870.

MALOT, Francois Paul (mah-lo). French au- thor, b. in Conde sur Noireau in 1770; d. in Ar- gentan in 1832. He entered the navy as a mid- shipman in 1784, became a lieutenant in 1793, and in 1795 was one of the chiefs of the squadron of privateers that devastated several of the English West India islands. He went afterward to Guade- loupe, where he became commander of the navy and directed the armament of the numerous privateers that were sent out by Victor Hugues {q. v.). Malot held various commands in the colony under the subsequent governors, and, when the JEnglish took possession of Guadeloupe, remained there as a prisoner till 1814. and devoted his time to the study of the colony. He returned to Prance in 1815, and lived quietly on his estate near Argentan till his death. He published " Histoire de la domi- nation anglaise a la Guadeloupe " (2 vols., Rennes, 1819) ; " Description du vblcan de la Soufriere "' (Argentan, 1822) ; " Histoire de la Guadeloupe sous le goiivernement du conventionel Victor Hugues "' (2 vols., Rennes, 1829) ; and " Principaux faits des corsaires fran^ois dans les Antilles de 1793 a 1805 " (2 vols., Arsrentan, 1830).

MALOUET, Pierre Victor, Baron (mal-way), French statesman, b. in Riom, France, in 1740; d. in Paris, 7 Sept., 1814. After holding various diplomatic appointments, he was sent to Rochefort in 1763, where he took an active part in the scheme for establishing colonies in Guiana. In 1767 he was named sub-commissioner of St. Domingo, and he became commissioner in 1769. During the subsequent five years, while he remained in the island, he collected the materials for the memoirs that he afterward published on the administration of the French colonies in America. Shortly after his return to France, in 1776, he was sent to Cayenne as governor-general, and took steps to reform the administration there and increase the number of colonists. He did not remain long enough to give full effect to his plans, yet the colony prospered greatly under his rule, and he is still considered as one of its chief benefactors. He returned to France in 1779, and was afterward a supporter of the liberal Royalist party. Among his works are &ldquo;Mémoire sur l'esclavage des negres dans les possessions françaises&rdquo; (Paris, 1788); &ldquo;Examen de cette question: Quel sera pour les colonies de l'Amerique le resultat de la revolution française?&rdquo; (London, 1797); &ldquo;Mémoires et correspondances officielles sur l'administration des colonies, et notamment sur la Guyane&rdquo; (5 vols., Paris, 1802).

MALTBY, Isaac, author, b. in Northfield, Conn., 10 Nov., 1767; d. in Waterloo, N. Y., 9 Sept., 1819. He was graduated at Yale in 1786, studied divinity with .John Smalley, and was li- censed to preach in 1789, but was never ordained. He removed to Hatfield, Mass., in 1790, and was appointed a major in the militia in 1803. He took an active part in proceedings that were instituted against Gen. Benjamin Lincoln when he was col- lector of the port of Boston. In 1808-'9 he was a representative in the Massachusetts legislature, and in 1812 a presidential elector. From 1813 till the close of the war with Great Britain he served as brigadier-general of Massachusetts militia, with headquarters at Boston. In 1816 he was again elected to the legislature, and in 1819 he removed to Waterloo, N. Y. Gen. Maltby was the author of "Elements of War" (Boston, 1812; 3d ed., Hartford, 1815): '"Courts-Martial and Military Law" (1813); and " Military Tactics."

MALTBY, Jasper Adalmorn, soldier, b. in Kingsville, Ashtabula co., Ohio, 3 Nov., 1826 ; d. in Vicksburg, Miss., 12 Dec, 1867. He served during the Mexican war as a private, and was severely wounded at' Chapultepec. After his discharge he established himself in mercantile business at Galena, 111. In 1861 he entered the volunteer service as lieutenant-colonel of the 45th Illinois infantry, was wounded at Fort Donelson, and, after being promoted colonel on 29 Nov., 1862, received' a severe wound at Vicksburg. He was commissioned as brigadier-general of volunteers on 4 Aug., 1863, served through the subsequent campaigns of the Army of the Tennessee, and was mustered out on 15 Jan., 1866. He was appointed by the military commander of the district mayor of Vicksburg on