Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/207

MAGALHAENS DE GANDAVO dramas which had great success, and in Spanish, French, and English translations have been repre- sented in several cities of the Old and Mew World, (Rio Janeiro, 1838-9) ; '• A confederagao dos Ta- moyos," an epic poem on national history (1857): and " Ensaio sobre a historia litteraria do Brazil " (1858). He is also the editor of the magazine " Brazil litteraria," which has been published in Rio Janeiro since 1808.

MAGALHAENS DE GANDAVO, Pedro de, Portuguese author, b. in Prado, Portugal, in 1540 ; d. late in the 10th century. He lived in Brazil for several years, and on his return published " Historia da provincia da Santa Cruz, chamada coramummente o Brazil " (Lisbon, 1570). A notable feature of the work of Magalhaens is the entire absence of the marvellous and absurd stories so numerous in the writings of those who gave an ac- count of distant countries at the time. In spite of the favor with which this history was received on its appearance, it was not reprinted and became very rare. It was translated into French by Ter- naux-Compans, and published in his " Voyages, relations, et meinoires."

MAGAW, Samuel, educator, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., about 1740; d. there, 1 Dec, 1812. He was a member of the first class in the University of Penn- sylvania, and was graduated in 1757. He went to England for orders in 1707, and on his return was a missionary of the Venerable society for propa- gating the gospel at Dover creek, Del. He became rector of St. Paul's church, Philadelphia, in 1781, which office he held until 1804. He received the degree of D. D. from the University of Pennsyl- vania in 1783, and was vice-provost of that insti- tution from 1783 till 1791. Dr. Magaw aided in establishing the Philadelphia academy, and was secretary of the convention of Pennsylvania for several years. He published numerous sermons that he preached on special occasions. Bishop White, in his " Memoirs of the Protestant Episco- pal Church," makes honorable mention of the part that was taken by Dr. Magaw in 1784 in the early movements toward the organization of the Protestant Episcopal church in the United States.

MAGELLAN, Fernando (ma-gel-yan'), Portuguese navigator, b. in Oporto, Portugal, in 1470 ; d. in Mactan, one of the Philippine islands, 17 April, . His real name was Ma- galhaens, which the Spaniards changed to Ma- g.dlanes. He ap- pears to have de- voted himself to the study of navi- gation, cosmogra- phy, and astrono- my at a very early age, and, after spending some time at the court of Portugal, served with suc- cess in the East Indies. Thinking that his services were ill-requited by his native land, he turned his steps to Spain. He arrived in 1517 at Valladolid, where Charles V. was then residing, and was well received by Cardinal Jimenez, before whom he laid his plan for finding a passage to the Sloluceas around the southern coast of America, instead of the usual route around the Cape of Good Hope. He inspired both the emperor and cardinal with his own conviction, and met with every encouragement from the royal council. An agreement was di'awn up according to which MageUan was to be admiral of the ex- ploring fleet and governor of all the lands he might discover. The fleet of which he was given command consisted of five vessels and carried eighty cannon. Magellan's flag-ship was named the " Trinidad." Juan do Cartagena commanded the " San Antonio " ; Luis de Mendoza the " Vic- toria " ; Gaspar de Quesada the " Concepcion," with Sebastian del Cano second in command, who brought the "Victoria " to Spain after sailing around the globe ; and Rodriguez Serrano the " Santiago." Antonio Pigafetta, who afterward wrote an ac- count of the voyage, Elcano, a noted pilot {q. v.), and several priests accompanied the expedition. The squadron set sail from San Lucar, 20 Sept., 1519, and after a rough passage of about two months reached what is now the the Bay of Rio Janeiro, where it took in fresh provisions. The admiral then skirted the coast, keeping a careful watch for every bay and inlet. He entered the Rio de la Plata, 12 Jan., 1520. but, after sailing up the river for some days, he concluded that it was not the strait of which he was in search, and continued his course southward. He reached the port of San Julian on 31 March. Here his captains rebelled, and a conspiracy was organized against him. The crews, excited by the malcontents, complained of the rigor of the climate and the privations they had to endure in such a barren country, and finally insisted on Magellan's returning to Spain. He temporized for some days, and then, knowing that most of the sailors were really devoted to him, he sent a resolute follower on board the " Victoria," who stabbed Slendoza in the midst of his crew. The body of the latter was quartered by Magel- lan's ordei's, and Quesada, who shortly afterward fell into his hands, was visited with the same pun- ishment. Not venturing to put Cartagena to death on account of his rank, he set him on shore with a priest who had taken part in the revolt. These misfortunes were followed by the loss of the "Santiago," but her crew escaped, and was dis- tributed among the other vessels. The fleet left the Bay of San Julian about the middle of Octo- ber, and, following the coast very closely, reached the cape on the northeast of the strait on 21 Oct. This being the festival-day of St. Ursula and her eleven thousand virgins, the cape was named Cape Virgins by Magellan. He then cautiously crept along the unknown channel, and on 27 Nov. doubled Cape Victory, so named after one of his ships, and entered the Pacific ocean. The " San Antonio " had abandoned him in the middle of the strait and gone in search of Juan de Cartagena. After a Te Denm had been chanted and the vessels were refitted, Magellan steert'd toward the north- west, determined to push on for the Moluccas. He was for three months and twenty days without dis- covering land, and his stock of provisions was almost exhausted when he came in sight of the Ladrones, on March, 1521. He discovered on 10 March the group of islands now known as the Philippines, where his zeal for the conversion of the inhabi- tants to Christianity led to his assassination.

'''MAGENS. Joachim Melchior''' (mah -gains'), Danish autiior, b. in St. Thomas, W. I., about 1715; d. there in 1783. When he was young his parents sent him to Copenhagen, Denmark, and there he studied law in llie university. The Danish government appointed him chief of the administration of St. Thomas, which place he held until