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172 arrived in New York city with his chess-player, trumpeter, panharmonicon, rope-dancers, miniature song-birds (that sprang from the lids of snuff-boxes), speaking-dolls, and the &ldquo;Conflagration of Moscow.&rdquo; The history of the chess-player needs not to be repeated here. At the time, Poe, among others, conclusively proved that the movements of the so-called automaton must have been directly controlled by human intelligence. The moving panorama of Moscow was wonderfully realistic and effective, with its music and cannonry. The smaller objects were genuine automatons, and marvels of beauty and ingenuity. Abortive imitations of the &ldquo;Conflagration&rdquo; in after-years became adjuncts to most of the museums and shows in the large cities of the Union, and may still occasionally be met with in remote localities. Not seldom, when Maelzl's exhibition opened with the performance of the chess-player, would he call on the audience in vain for an opposite player, so little at that time was the game in practice. For many years Maelzl journeyed in this country from place to place, repeating his exhibitions with unvarying success, and he also twice visited the West Indies. His display of mechanical figures has probably never been equalled. It is said he had the faculty of seizing on the crude inspirations of others and perfecting them to his own advantage.

MAES, Camillus Paul, R. C. bishop, b. in Courtrai, Belgium, 13 March, 1846. He received his preparatory education in the College of Cour- trai, and, after graduation, studied philosophy and theology in the seminary of Bruges. With the ob- ject of preparing himself for missionary work in the United States, he finished his theological stud- ies in the American college of Louvain. He was ordained priest on 18 Dec, 1868, and sailed for the United States shoi-tly afterward. He had been affiliated to the diocese of Detroit, and on his ar- rival in jMichigan he was appointed pastor of St. Peter's church. Mount Clemens. He was trans- ferred to Monroe city, where he was successively pastor of St. Mary's church in 1871, and of St. John's in 1873. He was appointed secretary of Bishop Burgess in 1880, nominated for the see of Covington in 1884, and consecrated bishop on 25 Jan., 1885. Bishop Maes has givep much atten- tion to the early history of the Roman Catholic church in the western states. He has published " Life of Rev. Charles Nerinckx " (Cincinnati, 1880), and is a contributor to Roman Catholic periodicals.

MAFFITT, John Newland, clergyman, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 28 Dec, 1795 ; d. near Mobile. Ala., 28 May, 1850. He was destined for mercantile life by his parents, who belonged to the Established church ; but embracing the Wesleyan doctrines in 1813, he determined to become a minister, and, meeting with opposition at home, emigrated to the United States in 1819, and in 1823 entered the New England conference of the Methodist Epis- copal church. After preaching for twelve years as an itinerant in various cities of the eastern states, he became a local preacher in New York city in 1832, and thereafter travelled, preached, and lectured at his own discretion. In 1833, in conjunction with Rev. Lewis Garrett, he estab- lished in Nashville, Tenn., the " Western Meth- odist," which was subsequently transformed into the " Christian Advocate," and adopted as the central organ of the Methodist Episcopal church, south. Great numbers assembled to listen to his sermons in the south and southwest, and many converts were added to the church. He was agent for La Grange college, Ala., in 1836-'7, and was subsequently for a short time jarofessor of elocu- tion and belles-lettres in that institution, but re- sided chiefly in the Atlantic cities. In 1841 he was chaplain to the National house of representa- tives. In 1845-6 he edited a literary and religious monthly, called the " Calvary Token," that he had established at Auburn, N. Y. In 1847, on the oc- casion of a second marriage, charges M'ere brought against his moral character, in consequence of which he removed from New York to Arkansas. He preached in various cities, but his popularity was affected and his mind troubled by the sus- picions he had incurred, and his power as a pulpit orator was gone. Mr. Maffitt was the author of " Tears of Contrition," a recountal of his religious experiences (1821) : " Pulpit Sketches " (Boston, 1828) ; and a volume of " Poems " (1839). He left an " Oratorical Dictionary " and an " Autobiogra- phy." — His son, John Newland, naval officer, b. at sea. 22 Feb.. 1819; d. in Wilmington, N. C, 15 May, 1886, entered the U. S. navy as a midship- man on 25 Feb., 1832, became a lieutenant on 25 June, 1848, and was placed on the reserved list on 14 Sept., 1855. He resigned on 2 May, 1861, and entered the service of the Confederacy. In the early part of 1862 he took a cargo- of cotton to England, and while there received instructions to take charge of the steamer "Oreto," which had been clandestinely constructed for the Confederate government at Liverpool. She had been seized on representations made by the American minister, but was released, and allowed to sail. On arriving at Nassau, 28 April, 1862, she was again detained, but was discharged by a court of admiralty, after which Capt. Maliitt took her to the island of Green Kay, received on board the guns and armaments, and rechristened her the " Florida." The captain and crew were prostrated by yellow fever, and repaired to Havana for medical attention. He sailed from that port on 1 Sept., 1862, ran the blockade at Mobile, refitted his A'essel and com- pleted her armaments, and steamed out again in a dark and stormy night. The National squadron gave chase, but Capt. Maffitt stopped his engines and took in his sails, and the pursuing vessels passed the low hull unobserved. The "Florida" began her captures in the Gulf of Mexico, cruised up to New York, then southward to beyond the equator, and back again to the latitude of New York. With the "Florida" and captured ships that he fitted out as tenders, Capt. Maffitt took about fifty-five prizes, including many large and richly laden vessels. The machinery of the lightly built cruiser having become deranged, Maffitt, with the permission of the French government, had his vessel repaired in the docks of the navy-yard at Brest. The effects of yellow fever and the fatigues of service had so exhausted his strength that he asked to be relieved, and the " Florida " put to sea again under the command of Capt. C. M. Morris. His last vears were spent in Wilmington, N. C.

MAGALHAENS, Domingo José Gonçalves de (mah-gal-yah'-ens), Brazilian poet, b. in Rio Janeiro in 1811. He was graduated as a surgeon in his native city in 1832, and in 1836 attached to the Brazilian ernbassy in Paris. In 1838 he was appointed professor of philosophy in the College of Rio Janeiro, and in 1840 elected deputy by that city. From 1845 till 1867 he was Brazilian min- ister to Dresden, Naples, Turin, and Vienna, and returned in the latter year to Rio, where he has since lived. He is a popular lyric poet, and relates in his works the feats of the early con- querors. His books include " Foesias " (Rio Ja- neiro, 1832); "Mysterios" (1839); "Urania "(Vi- enna, 1862) ; " Antonio Jose " and " Olgiato," twc