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164 tered the counting-room of a shipping-merchant. As soon as he reached his majority he began busi- ness on his own account. After his father joined him in the business the firm was called Josiah Macy and Son. He was elected a member of tHe Chamber of commerce in 1834. and soon became its vice-president. In 1845 he was made a director of the Leather manufacturers' bank, of which he became vice-president ten years later. He was chosen a trustee of the Seamen's bank for savings in 1848, vice-president in 1851, and president in 1863. He was an officer or trustee in many insti- tutions, held the presidency of the New York hos- pital, the Society for the relief of the ruptured and crippled, and of the Seamen's cemetery asso- ciation, and was often selected by business ac- quaintances to be the executor of their estates.

MACY, William Starbuck, artist, b. in New Bedford, Mass., 11 Sept., 1853. He studied art in the National academy and at Munich. Mr. Macy has taken numerous studies in the far west, but his finished works chiefly represent familiar New Eng- land effects. He has studios both in New York and New Bedford. His chief works include " Edge of the Forest" (1881); "Old Forest in Winter"; " Old Mill " (1885) ; '• Winter Sunset " (1884) ; and " January in Bermuda " (1886).

MADDEN, Richard Robert, Irish author, b. in Dublin, 22 Aug., 1798 ; d. in Booterstown. 5 Feb., 1886. He studied medicine in Paris and Erlangen, where he took his degree, and, after practising in various parts of Europe and the Levant, settled in I'ondon, where he became a fellow of the Royal college of physicians and surgeons in 1829. He was appointed a special magistrate for Jamaica in 1833, and spent three years in that island, during which time he did much for the emancipation of the slaves, and was bitterly attacked by the up- holders of the system in England. He went to Cuba in 1836 as superintendent of liberated Afri- cans for the British government, under the treaty between Great Britain and Spain for the suppres- sion of the slave-trade. In 1839 he was appointed judge-advocate of Jamaica, and he held the office till 1841, when he was statioped for two years on the west coast of Africa as a commissioner for in- vestigating the slave traffic. He held various other posts under the British government, i-eturned to Ireland in 1850, and during the remainder of his life held the office of secretary to the loan fund board in Dublin Castle. Besides works on eastern countries and other subjects, he was the author of " Twelve Months' Residence in the West Indies, during the Transition from Slavery to Apprentice- ship " (Philadelphia, 1835) ; two volumes of " Trav- els in the West Indies " (1838-40) ; " Poems by a Slave," see Castro, Juan (1840) ; " The Slave- Trade and Slavery " (1843), a work that excited an- tagonism among English (Conservatives on account of the light it threw on the connection between British maritime and manufacturing interests and slavery in the English colonies ; " Connection of the Kingdom of Ireland with the Crown of Eng- land " (1845) ; " History of the Penal Laws enacted against Roman Catholics " (1847) ; " The Island of Cuba : its Resources, Progress, and Prospects " (London, 1849) : " Shrines and Sepulchres of the Old and New World " (1851) ; " The Lives and Times of the United Irishmen." giving in detail the causes and events that led to the rebellion of 1798 (1842-'6; new ed., 1874); and "Historical Notice of the Operations and Relaxations of the Penal Laws against Roman Catholics " (1865).

MADISON, James, P. E. bishop, b. near Port Republic, Augusta eo., Va., 27 Aug., 1749 ; d. in Williamsburg. Va., 5 March, 1812. He was gradu- ated at William and Mary in 1772, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but, not liking the profession, he en- tered upon a theo- logical course pre- paratory to taking orders. In 1773 he was appointed pro- fessor of natural philosophy and af- terward of mathe- matics in William and Mary; in 1775 leave was given him to go to England for ordination. He was made deacon in the chapel of Ful- ham palace, 29 Sept., 1775, by Bishop Terrick, of London, and priest, in the same chapel, 1 Oct., 1775, by the same bishop. On his return home he resumed his labors as professor, and in 1777 he became president of the college. The latter office he held until his death, and he succeeded in keeping the college in operation during the Revolution, save for a few months just before and after the siege of Yorktown. He received the degree of D. D. from the University of Pennsyl- vania in 1785. and from William and Mary in 1796. He was president of the first convention of the Episcopal chui'ch in Virginia in May. 1785, and in 1790 was chosen to be the first bishop. He was consecrated in the chapel of Lambeth palace, 19 Sept., 1790, by the archbishop of Canterbury and other bishops. He made his first visitation in 1792, and was diligent in his efforts to raise the Episco- pal church in Virginia from the deep depression into which it had fallen. But, as his college duties were pressing, and his health never very vigorous, he was unable to accomplish much in the way of elevating and strengthening the church. Bishop Madison's i^ublications were several sermons that he preached o!i special occasions, a " Eulogy on Washington" (1800). papers in "Barton's Journal," and a large map of Virginia. — Bishop Madison's brother, (Jeorg'e, soldier, b. in Virginia in 1763 ; d. in Paris. Kyr. 14 Oct., 1816, removed to Kentucky at a A'ery early age and served as a soldier on the western frontier when seventeen years old, partici- ])ating in several engagements with the Indians. During the campaigns in the northwest he com- manded a company under Gen. Arthur St. Clair, and later was lieutenant of a company of mounted volunteer cavalry under Maj. John Adair, being wounded in the action with the Indians near Fort St. Clair on 6 Nov., 1792. Subsequently he attained the rank of major in the Kentucky volunteers, and was attached to the northwestern army under Gen. James Winchester. In this capacity he was present in the battle with the British and Indians near Frenchtown on 18 Jan., 1813, and was taken pris- oner in the defeat on the river Raisin on 22 Jan., 1813, when he was sent to Quebec ; but he was re- leased in 1814. For more than twenty years he held the office of auditor of public accounts in Kentucky, and in 1816 he was nominated for gov- ernor. He was so popular and beloved by the peo- ple that his opponent withdrew in the heat of the canvass and Madison was elected for foiir years, but he died a few weeks afterward before entering on the duties of his office.