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120 nomic opinions that he holds, he has lectured in many cities of the United States, and has published articles in support of the principles that he eloquently advocates.

McGRAW, John, merchant, b. in Drvden, N. Y., 22 May, 1815 ; d. in Ithaca, N. Y., 4 "May, 1877. He began in humble circumstances, but was very successful in business, being extensively engaged in the lumber trade in Wisconsin, Iowa, and Michigan, and the head of a firm that possessed large mills at Saginaw. He made Ithaca his residence in 1861, having lived for the previous eleven years in New York city. He was one of the original trustees of Corneil university, and erected at his own expense, at a cost of $150,000, the McGraw building, for the accommodation of the library and museum of the university. — His only daughter, Jennie, married Prof. Daniel Willard Fiske {q. v.), and at her death bequeathed to Cornell University a library fund of nearly $1,000,000.

McGREADY, James, clergyman, b. in western Pennsylvania about 1758 ; d. in Henderson, Ivy., in February, 1817. While he was a child his family removed to Guilford county, N. C. He was •educated at the school of Rev. Dr. John McMillan, Cannonsburgh, Pa., and licensed to preach on 13 Aug., 1788. After spending some time with Rev. Dr. John B. Smith at Hampden Sidney college, Va., he preached in Orange county, N. C. and was settled as a pastor, where his eloquence influenced many young men to follow the Christian ministry. In 1796 he removed to Kentucky, and was settled over the Gaspar river, Red river, and Muddy river churches, in Logan county. He was the originator and director of the great revival of 1800, in the Cumberland country, which forms a spiritual epoch in the history of the states west of the Alleghany mountains. In July, 1800, he organ- ized an encampment, and thus originated the religious camp-meeting. The employment as preachers and evangelists of young men not regularly educated for the ministry excited opposition in the church, and led to the organization in 1810 of the Cumberland Presbyterians. Two years after- ward he withdrew from the new body and returned to his former presbytery. He wrote many forcible sermons, which were collected and published by the Rev. James Smith (vol. i., Louisville, 1881; vol. ii., Nashville, 1833).

MacGREGGOR, James, clergyman, b. in Ireland in 1677 ; d. in Londonderry, N. H., 5 March. 1729. He received a thorough classical and theological education, and had charge of a Presbyterian church in the north of Ireland. The op- pressions to which Presbyterians were at that time subjected induced him to emigrate with about 100 families. They landed at Boston on 14 Oct., 1718, and established near Haverhill the town of Londonderry, where they organized the first Presbyterian church in New England, of which he assumed the pastoral charge without the ceremony of installation. — His son, David, b. in Ireland, 6 Nov., 1710 ; d. in Londonderry, N. H., 30 May, 1777, studied theology with his father's successor, and was ordained pastor of a new parish in the western part of Londonderry in 1737. He took an active part in the great awakening that began in 1741. In 1755 he declined a call to the Presbyterian church in New York city. His discourses include " Professors warned of their Danger" (Boston, 1741); "The Spirits of the Day Tried" (1742) ; and "The Believers all Secured" (1747).

MacGREGOR, John, British political economist, b. in Drynie, near Stornoway, Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1797; d. in Boulogne, France, 23 April, . He was the eldest son of David MacGregor, of Drynie, Ross-shire. When quite young, John was sent to Canada and placed in a commercial house on Prince Edward island. He soon became prominent in the colony, and finally obtained a seat in the colonial legislature. After a lengthened colonial experience he returned to the mother-country, and was employed on various commercial missions. He was made secretary of the board of trade in 1840, and held the ofiice until 1847, when he was elected by the citizens of Glasgow as one of their representatives in parliament. He took an active part in the free-trade controversy, and with Joseph Hume and others was instrumental in inducing the house of commons to appoint a select committee on the import duties. His published works are numerous. Among them are " Historical and Descriptive Sketches of the Maritime Colo- nies of British North America" (1828); "Emigration to British America " (1829): "My Note-Book" (1835); "Connnercial and Financial Legislation of Europe and America" (1841); "American Discovery from the Times of Columbus" (1846); "Germany and her Resources" (1848); and an uncompleted "History of the British Empire from the Accession of James I." (1852).

McGROARTY, Stephen Joseph, soldier, b. in Mount Charles county, Donegal, Ireland, in 1830; d. in College Hill, Ohio, 2 Jan., 1870. He was brought to the United States when three years of age. His parents settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was educated in St. Francis Xavier College. After graduation he engaged in the dry-goods business in partnership with an uncle, but left it at the end of five years to study law. He was admitted to the bar and began practice at Toledo, but subsequently returned to Cincinnati, where he achieved a reputation as a criminal lawyer. When the civil war began he raised a company of Irish-Americans for three months, with which he re-enlisted for three years. At Carnifax Ferry he received a gunshot wound through the right lung. As soon as he recovered he returned to the field as colonel of the 50th Ohio infantry, which was afterward merged in the 61st, and he commanded the latter till the end of the war. At Peach Tree Creek his left arm was shattered at the elbow in the beginning of the engagement, yet he remained with his men through the fight. He was accustomed to expose his life with the utmost hardihood, and during the war received twenty-three wounds. He was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers on May 1, 1865. He was for two years collector of internal revenue, and just before his death, which resulted from injuries received in battle, was elected clerk of the Hamilton county courts.

McGUFFEY, William Holmes, educator, b. in Washington county, Pa., 23 Sept., 1800; d. at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., 4 May, 1873. He was graduated at Washington college, Pa., in 1826, and immediately appointed professor of ancient languages in Miami university. He was licensed as a Presbyterian minister in 1829, and preached frequently during the remainder of his life. In 1832 he was transferred to the chair of moral philosophy. He became president of Cincinnati college in 1836, and in 1839 of Ohio university. In 1843-'5 he was a professor in Woodward college, Cincinnati. From 1845 till his death he occupied the chair of moral philosophy and political economy in the University of Virginia. While in Cincinnati he began the preparation of an “Eclectic” series of readers and spellers, which became popular, and have been many times revised and reissued.