Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/794

756 tory of Oregon and California," a work of high authority (1846). Dr. Greenhow also read before the New York historical society in 1848 a paper in relation to the supposed missionary labors of Arch- bishop Fenelon (since found to have been those of a brother) among the Iroquois of New York.

GREENLEAF, Benjamin, educator, b. in Haverhill, Mass., 25 Sept., 1786 ; d. in Bradford, Mass., 29 Oct., 1864. He was graduated at Dart- mouth in 1813, was principal of Bradford academy in 1814-'86, and of Bradford teachers' seminary in 1839-'48. He represented Bradford in the legisla- ture in 1837-9. Mr. Greenleaf published a series of mathematical text-books, the first of which was his " National Arithmetic " (Boston, 1835).

GREENLEAF, Ezekiel Price, b. in Quincv, Mass., 22 May, 1790 ; d. in Boston, Mass., 3 Dec, 1886. He was educated at Quiney, and engaged in business in Charleston, S. C, and in Boston, where he failed. He then removed to his father's farm in Quiney. Inheriting some property, he invested it with caution, denying himself the necessaries of life and living like a hermit. He spent fifty years in Quiney, but after 1879 lived in Boston. He bequeathed nearly all his estate, amounting to $500,000, to Harvard, with directions to keep it apart from other bequests, as the " Greenleaf fund" ; $3,000 of the income is to be divided yearly into scholarships of $300 each, called the " Price Green- leaf scholarships," and part is to be devoted to a special division of the library, to be known as the " Greenleaf department." In case the regents of the university fail to comply with the conditions, it is to be equally divided between the Home for aged men and the Children's hospital of Boston.

GREENLEAF, Moses, author, b. in Newburyport, Mass., in 1778 ; d. in Williamsburg, Me., 20 March, 1834. Edward, his ancestor, settled in Newburyport in 1635, and Moses, his father, was a captain in the Revolutionary army. He published " Statistical View of the District of Maine " (Boston, 1816), and " Survey of the State of Maine," with a map, the best made up to that time (Portland, 1829). — His brother, Jonntlian, clergyman, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 4 Sept., 1785; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 24 April, 1885, was licensed to preach in 1814, and was pastor at Wells, Me., in 1815-28. He then took charge of the Mariner's church, Bos- ton, removed to New York in 1833, and edited the "Sailor's Magazine." He was also secretary of the Seamen's friend society, first in Boston and then in New York, till 1841. He organized the Walla- bout Presbyterian church in Brooklyn in 1843, and was its pastor till his death. Bowdoin gave him the degree of M. A. in 1824, and Princeton that of D. D. in 1863. Dr. Greenleaf published " Sketches of the Ecclesiastical History of Maine" (Ports- mouth, N. H., 1821) ; " History of New York Churches " (New York, 1846); and " Genealogy of the Greenleaf Family " (1854).— Another brother, Simon, jurist, b. in Newburyport, 5 Dec, 1783 ; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 6 Oct., 1853, removed with his father to Maine when a child, and in 1801 began the study of law in New Gloucester, Me., with Ezekiel Whitman, afterward ehief justice of the state. In 1806 he began practice in Standish, but in the same year removed to Gray, where by diligent study he laid the foundation of his subse- quent legal learning. He went to Portland in 1818, and in 1820, after the admission of Maine to the Union, and the establishment of a supreme court, he became its reporter, holding the office till 1832, when he had reached the foremost rank in the Maine bar. He was appointed royal professor of law in the Harvard law-school in 1833, and in 1846, on the death of Judge Story, was transferred to the Dane professorship. On his resignation in 1848 he was made professor emeritus. During his con- nection with the law-school he had the direction of its internal affairs, and for many months of each year, during Judge Story's absence in Washington, the entire management and work of instruction devolved on him. Prof. Greenleaf was for many years president of the Massachusetts Bible society. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1834. The clearness of his style and the correctness of his principles have placed him in the front rank of legal authors. His works are " Origin and Princi- ples of Freemasonry " (Portland, 1820) ; " Full Collection of Cases, Overruled, Denied, Doubted, or Limited in their Application " (1821 ; 3d ed., by E. Hammond, New York, 1840, afterward expanded to 3 vols.) ; " Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Maine, 1820-'31 " (9 vols., Hallowell and Portland, 1822-35 ; digest, Portland, 1885 ; revised ed., 8 vols., Boston, 1852) ; " Treatise on the Law of Evidence," his greatest work (3 vols., 1 842-53 ; 14th ed., with large additions by Simon Greenleaf Croswell, 1883) ; " Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangelists, by the Rules of Evidence administered in Courts of Justice, with an Account of the Trial of Jesus "(1846; London, 1847); and an enlarged edition of William Cruise's " Digest of the Laws of England respecting Real Property," adapted to American practice (3 vols., 1849-'50). He also published his inaugural discoiirse on enter- ing upon his professorship (Boston, 1834), and one on the life and character of Joseph Story (1845.)

GREENOUGH, Horatio, sculptor, b. in Boston, Mass., 6 Sept., 1805; d. in Somerville, Mass., 18 Dec, 1852. His idea of form was strongly marked in early youth, and he manifested a striking mechanical aptitude for imitating objects that impressed themselves on his mind. When he was fifteen years old, a French sculptor, Binon, taught him modelling in clay, and the rudiments of his art. Soon afterward he entered Harvard, where he was graduated in 1825, and during his career there enjoyed the advice of Washington Allston. At that time the youth made the design from which the present Bunker Hill monument was constructed. After completing his college course Greenough went to Florence, and then to Rome, where he arrived in the autumn of 1825. With the exception of a short sojourn in his native city in 1826, where he was occupied in modelling the busts of many distinguished men, and a brief visit to Paris, for the purpose of modelling a bust of Lafayette, he made his permanent residence in Italy, and there produced most of his historical and ideal compositions. In 1851 the sculptor returned to the United States, for the purpose of placing a group of four historical figures, entitled " The Rescue," in Washington. This work was ordered by congress, and the artist devoted about eight years to its construction. He died suddenly of brain fever. Greenough was an industrious artist; his works are numerous, of extended scope, and highly prized. Among the most important are the colossal statue of Washington, for which congress voted an appropriation of $20,000. It was completed in 1843, and now stands in front of the National capitol. In inscribing his name on this statue, Mr. Greenough. instead of the usual Latin word "fecit" (has done it), wrote "Horatio Greenough faciebat" (tried to do it). Edward Everett wrote: "I regard Greenough's 'Washington' as one of the greatest works of sculpture of modern times. I do not know the work which can justly be preferred to it, whether we consider the purity of the taste, the loftiness

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