Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/782

746 GREEN, Samuel Abbott, physician, b. in Groton, Mass., 16 March, 1830. He was graduated at Harvard in 1851, and received his medical degree three years later, after which he spent several years in Europe. On his return he began practice in Boston, and became one of the district physicians for the city dispensary. On 19 May, 1858, he was appointed by Gov. Banks surgeon of the 3d militia regiment. At the beginning of the civil war he was commissioned assistant surgeon of the 1st Massachusetts regiment of volunteers, and was the first medical officer mustered in for three years' service. He was promoted surgeon of the 24th Massachusetts regiment on 2 Sept., 1861, where he remained until 2 Nov., 1864, serving on the staffs of various cavalry officers. He had charge of the hospital ship &ldquo;Recruit,&rdquo; of the Burnside expedition to Roanoke island, of the hospital ship &ldquo;Cosmopolitan&rdquo; on the coast of South Carolina, and during the siege of Fort Wagner was chief medical officer on Morris island. In October, 1863, he was sent to Florida, and was post-surgeon at St. Augustine and Jacksonville; thence he was sent to Virginia, and was with the army when Bermuda Hundred was taken. He was appointed acting staff-surgeon, and was stationed three months at Richmond after the fall of that city. For gallant and distinguished services in the field in 1864 he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel of volunteers. Dr. Green organized &ldquo;Roanoke cemetery&rdquo; in 1862, which was one of the first regular burial-places for National soldiers. After the close of the war Dr. Green was from 1865 until 1872 superintendent of the Boston dispensary, a member of the Boston school board in 1860-'2 and 1866-'72, trustee of the public library in 1868-'78, and acting librarian from October, 1877, to October, 1878. In 1870 Gov. Claflin appointed him one of a commission to care for disabled soldiers. In 1871 he became city physician of Boston, and retained the office till 1880. He was chosen a member of the board of experts authorized by congress in 1878 to investigate the yellow fever, and in 1882 he was elected mayor of Boston. Dr. Green has given much time to historical studies, and for some years has been librarian of the Massachusetts historical society. In addition to a large number of papers on scientific and historical subjects, he has published &ldquo;My Campaigns in America: a Journal kept by Count William de Deux-Ponts, 1780-'1,&rdquo; translated from the French manuscript, with an introduction and notes (Boston, 1868); &ldquo;An Account of Percival and Ellen Green and of Some of their Descendants&rdquo; (printed privately, Groton, Mass., 1876); &ldquo;Epitaphs from the Old Burying-Ground in Groton, Massachusetts&rdquo; (1879); &ldquo;The Early Records of Groton, Mass., 1662-1677&rdquo; (1880); &ldquo;History of Medicine in Massachusetts,&rdquo; a centennial address delivered before the Massachusetts medical society at Cambridge, 7 June, 1881 (Boston, 1881); &ldquo;Groton during the Indian Wars&rdquo; (Groton, 1883); &ldquo;Groton during the Witchcraft Times&rdquo; (1883); &ldquo;The Boundary-Lines of Old Groton&rdquo; (1885); &ldquo;The Geography of Groton,&rdquo; prepared for the use of the Appalachian (mountain) club (1886); and &ldquo;Groton Historical Series&rdquo; (20 numbers, 1883-'7).

GREEN, Seth, pisciculturist, b. in Rochester, N. Y., 19 March, 1817; d. there, 20 Aug., 1888. He received a common-school education, but early manifested a passion for hunting and fishing. For years he had the only fish and game market near his home. In 1837 he conceived the idea of the artificial propagation of fish, and in 1838, during a trip to Canaila, made observations on the habits of salmon. Observing that as soon as the spawn was cast the male salmon and other fish ate it, h& devoted his attention to methods of protecting it, and increased the yield of fish till he had raised the product to ninety-five per cent. In 1864 he discovered a method of artificially impregnating dry spawn, and began the propagation of fish as a business at Caledonia, Livingston co., N. Y. In 1867, by invitation of the fish commissioners of four of the New England states, he experiment- ed on the hatching of shad at Holyoke, on the Connecticut river, and by his im|)rovements- hatched in a fortnight's time 15,000,000, and in 1868, 40,000,000. His work was afterward ex- tended to the Hudson, the Potomac, the Susque- hanna, and other important rivers, where he suc- ceeded in artificially propagating fifteen of the more common species with largely increased prod- ucts. In 1868 he was appointed one of the fish commissioners of New York, and soon afterward made superintendent of fisheries in that state. He transported in 1871 the first shad ever taken to California. As a result, over 1,000,000 market- able shad were sold on the Pacific coast in 1885. He hatched artificially the spawn of about twenty kinds of fish, and also hybridized striped bass with shad, shad with herring, brook trout with salmon trout, brook trout with California salmoTu salmon trout with white-fish, and European trout with American brook trout. He was decorated with two gold medals by the Societe d'acclima- tation of Paris. He invented impoitant appli- ances for use in hatching shad, trout, and other fishes, and was the author of " Trout Culture " (Rochester, 1870), and "Fish Hatching and Fish Catching " (1879).

GREEN, Tliomas, governor of Maryland, b. in England : d. in Maryland. He was one of the Ro- man Catholic pilgrims that accompanied Leonard Calvert to Maryland in 1634, and was appointed a privy councillor in 1639. Leonard Calvert named him governor on his death-bed. He served in 1637-"8, and was again chief executive for a part of 1649, during the absence of Gov. Stone. He was reappointed a privy councillor toward the end of the same year, and as such took part in the assem- bly that passed the toleration act. The date of his- death is not known.

GREEN, Thomas, soldier, b. in Virginia in 1816 : d. in Blair's Plantation, La., 14 April, 1864. His father was chief justice of Tennessee and presi- dent of Lebanon law-college. The son removed to Texas in early manhood, was a ranger in the war of Texan independence, and also served in the Mexi- can war. In 1855-8 he was clerk of the supreme court of Texas. He afterward joined the Confed- erate army, and was engaged in the battles of Val- verde, Bisland, and Galveston, and the capture of the " Harriet Lane." In the campaign of 1863 he commanded the cavalry of Gen. Richard Taylor's division, and repulsed the National army, com- manded by Gen. Godfrey Weitzel and Gen. Cuvier Grover, at the battle of Bayou la Fourche. Aft-er this action he was appointed major-general for dis- tinguished services, and placed in command of the cavalry of the trans-Mississippi department. In April, 1864, he commanded the Texas infantry in the Red river campaign. He was mortally wounded near Pleasant Hill, 12 April, 1804, by a shot from a National gun-boat.

GREEN, Thomas Jefferson, soldier, b. in Warren county, N. C., in 1801 ; d. there, 13 Dec, 1863. He removed to Texas early in life, and served as brigadier-general of volunteers in the war of Texan independence. In 1843, with other officers, he refused to obev the orders of Gen. Summerville