Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/737

Rh ever curiosities he had found in his travels, until he had large collections of coins, autographs, draw- ings, and boolvs. Some time after his return to Europe, Mr. Graham was appointed U. 8. consul- general for Italy, and resided in Florence. When the capital was transferred to Rome, he preferred to accept the ofRce of a simple consul rather than change his home.

GRAHAM, John, clergyman, b. in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1(394 ; d. in Woodljury, Conn., in De- cember, 1774. He was a descendant of one of the marquises of Montrose. He was educated at Glas- gow, and studied medicine. Coming to this coun- try with emigrants from Londonderry in 1718, he first resided at Exeter, N. H., but afterward studied theology, and was ordained as the first clergyman of Stafford, Conn., in 1723. He obtained his dis- missal in 1731 on the ground of insufficient sup- port, and in 1733 he was called to the 2d church of Southbury, then Woodbury, where he spent over forty years. During the great New England revival of 1740 he was especially active. Mr. Graham was the author of " A Ballad against the Clhurch of England in Connecticut " (1832), a " Tract " on the same subject, and " A Rejoinder to Johnson's Answer." (See Chandler's " Life of Samuel Johnson.") — His son, Andrew, physician, d. in 1785, was a patriot of the Revolution, and represented Woodbury, Conn., for many years in the legislature. In the battle of Danbury he acted as regimental surgeon, and in the engagement at White Plains, N. Y., was taken prisoner and was not released until the surrender of Gen. Cornwallis. — Andrew's son, John Andrew, advocate, b. in Southbury, Conn., 10 June, 1764; d. in New York city, 20 Aug., 1841, was admitted to the Connecti- cut bar in 1785, and at once removed to Rutland, Vt. He subsequently went on an unsuccessful mission to England to obtain the consecration of Bishoj) Peters from the English bishojts, and on a second visit to Europe in 1796 he received the de- gree of LL. D. from the University of Aberdeen. After 1805 he resided constantly in New York city, and became well known as an able criminal lawyer. He published " A Descriptive Sketch of the Present State of Vermont " (London, 1797) ; a volume of speeches (1812) ; and " Memoirs of John Home Tooke ; also. Proofs Identifying him as the Author of Junius" (New York, 1828).— John Hodges, naval officer, son of John Andrew, b. in Vermont, 9 March, 1794; d. in Newbury. N. II., 15 March, 1878, entered the navy as midshipman, 18 June, 1812, was promoted to be lieutenant, 5 March, 1817, and captain, 7 March, 1849. He was placed on the reserved list in 1855, and made commodore on the retired list, 4 April, 1867. He served in the war of 1812, and, while a midshipman under Com. Chauncey on Lake Ontario, was one of twelve offi- cers who took part in an expedition against the British stronghold opposite Black Rock, N. Y. Nine of the party were killed or severely wounded. Among the latter was young Graham, who subse- quently was compelled to snbmit to the amputa- tion of a leg. In the engagement on Lake Cham- plain, 11 Sept., 1814, he had command of Com. McDonough's flag-ship. After the declaration of peace, Com. Graham was engaged in shore duty. — John Lorinier, lawyer, another son of John An- drew, b. in London. "England. 20 March, 1797 ; d. in Flushing, N. Y., 22 July, 187, was admitted to the New York bar in 1821, and soon acquired a large practice. In 1834 he was appomted regent of the state university, and from 1840 till 1844 was postmaster of New York city. He occupied important offices in the state militia, and in 1801 received an appointment in the treasury depart- ment at Washington. He was elected to the coun- cil of the University of the city of New York, in which institution he founded a free scholarship.

GRAHAM, John, diplomatist, b. in Dumfries,, Prince William co., Va., in 1774; d. in Washing- ton, D. C., 6 Aug., 1820. He was graduated at Columbia in 1790, and emigrated to Kentucky,, where he represented Lewis county in the legisla- ture. He was then sent by President Jefferson to- the territory of Orleans as secretary, and subse- quently held a similar office in the American lega- tion in Spain. During the time when James Madi- son was secretary of state, Graham was chief clerk under him. In 1818 he accompanied a commission to obtain political information in Buenos Ayres. and wrote an elaborate report, which was printed by the state department. He was next sent by President Monroe as minister to the court of Por- tugal, then resident in Rio Janeiro. His health gave way under the Brazilian climate, and he died soon after returning to Washington. — His brother, CTreorge, acting secretary of war, b. in Dumfries^ Prince William co., Va., about 1772 ; d. in Wash- ington, D. C, in August, 1830, was graduated at Columbia in 1790, studied law, and practised in his native town. He afterward removed to Fairfax county, and raised and commanded the " Fairfax light-horse " during the war of 1812. On the re- tirement of Gen. Armstrong from the war depart- ment after the burning of Washington, Graham was placed in charge as chief clerk. During the- last two years of Madison's administration, and until relieved by John C. Calhoun in the first year of Monroe's term, he was acting secretary of war. In 1818, at Mr. Calhoun's request, he made a long^ and perilous journey to inspect a settlement which had been made by Gen. Lallemande, Napoleon's- chief of artillery, with 600 armed colonists, at Or- coguises Bluffs, on Trinity river. Finding the colonists on Galveston island, he induced them to- submit to the authority of the United States and abandon their enterprise. On his return he be- came president of the Washington branch of the U. S. bank, which office he held until he was ap- pointed commissioner of the land office in 1823^ serving in the latter capacity during the remainder of his life. While connected with the bank he was employed by the government to wind up the " In- dian factorage " affairs, and in doing so is said to- have saved the country not less than $250,000.

GRAHAM, Sylvester, vegetarian, b. in Sutfieid, Conn., in 1794; d. in Northampton, Mass., 11 Sept., 1851. His father was an English clergyman, a, graduate of Oxford, who came to this country and settled in Suffield. At nineteen years of age he began to teach, and continued as long as his health would permit. In 1823 he matriculated at Am- herst with the intention of preparing for the min- istry, but, having exhibited unusual powers of elo- cution, he was denounced as a " stage actor " and a "mad enthusiast," and did not complete the course. He, however, entered the Presbyterian ministry soon after his marriage in 1826. In 1830 he was employed by the Pennsylvania temperance society as a lecturer, and while thus engaged he became convinced that the prevention and cure of intemperance would be best achieved by the adop- tion of a purely vegetable diet, which he supposed would take away the desire for stimulants. He subsequently applied this theory to all forms of disease. He published an '* Essay on the Cholera " (1832); "Graham Lectures on the Science of Hu- man Life" (2 vols., Boston, 1839); "Bread and Bread-making": "A Lecture to Young Men on