Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/705

Rh in position to secure an enfilading fire on the fort on Hilton Head, and materially assisted in silenc- ing the batteries of the enemy. In 1863 he was promoted commodore, and commanded the 4th division of Admiral Porter's fleet at both bom- bardments of Fort Fisher, N. C. in December, 1864, and January, 1865. In the report of the latter action he was specially commended for the support rendered the commander-in-chief, and for the good discipline and accurate firing of his ship, the " Susquehanna." At the close of the war he was made rear-admiral, and commanded the South Atlantic or Brazil squadron in 1866-'7. His last active employment was as commandant of the Brooklyn navy-yard in 1868-70. He was retired on account of age in 1871.

GODWIN, Parke, editor, b. in Paterson, N. J., 25 Feb., 1816. His father was an officer in the war of 1812, and his grandfather a soldier of the Revolution. He was graduated at Princeton in 1834, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Kentucky, but did not practise. He married the eldest daughter of William Cullen Bryant, and from 1837 till 1853, excepting one year, was connected with the New York &ldquo;Evening Post.&rdquo; In 1843 he issued the &ldquo;Pathfinder,&rdquo; a weekly, which was suspended after three months. He contributed many articles to the &ldquo;Democratic Review,&rdquo; in which he advocated reforms that were subsequently introduced into the constitution and code of New York. He was also editor of &ldquo;Putnam's Monthly,&rdquo; to which he contributed many literary and political articles, which were published in book-form, under the title &ldquo;Political Essays&rdquo; (New York, 1856). In 1865 he again became connected with the &ldquo;Evening Post.&rdquo; During the administration of President Polk he was deputy collector of New York. Subsequently he joined the Republican party and supported it by his speeches and writings. He is the author of &ldquo;Popular View of the Doctrines of Charles Fourier&rdquo; (New York, 1844); &ldquo;Constructive Democracy&rdquo;; &ldquo;Vala, a Mythological Tale&rdquo; (1851); &ldquo;A Handbook of Universal Biography&rdquo; (1851; new ed., entitled &ldquo;Cyclopedia of Biography,&rdquo; 1871); &ldquo;History of France&rdquo; (1st vol., 1861); &ldquo;Out of the Past,&rdquo; a volume of essays (1870); and edited a new edition of Bryant's prose and poetical writings, with a life (6 vols., New York, 1883-'4).

GOES, Pedro de (go'-es), Portuguese pioneer, b. in Lisbon in 1503 ; d. in Sao Salvador de Bahia, in 1554. He was a brother of Damian de Goes, the historian. He served as captain in the fleet, and by his geographical knowledge was of great ser- vice in the expedition of Martim Aflonso de Souza to Brazil in December, 1530. In recompense of his services. Goes was given, in 1532, the district north of Souza's captaincy of Sao Vicente, extend- ing 150 miles on the coast to the river of Itapimi- rim, with nearly sovereign rights. He introduced the sugar-cane from the Canary islands, and soon had flourishing plantations. But the surrounding Indians were very troublesome, and Goes sailed for Portugal, in 1541, in quest of monetary re- sources and re-enforcements. When he returned in the next year with an expedition, he found his establishments and cane-fields burnt down, and his colonists dispersed or killed by the savages. He tried to restore cultivation, organized an exjje- dition into the interior, defeated the Indians in many engagements, in one of which he lost an eye (1543), aod for three years enjoyed tranquillity. But toward the end of 1546 the Indians again laid his plantations waste, and in 1547 he sailed for Lisbon, to lay his grievances before the court. On 12 May, 1548, he said to King John III. : " If your majesty does not soon succor the hardy colonists and captains of Brazil, before they lose property and lives, your majesty will lose the colony." Im- pressed by these words, the king appointed Thome de Souza governor-general of Brazil, and sent him, in 1549, to protect the pioneers. In his voyage of 1547 Goes is believed to have brought the first tobacco-plants to Europe. On his return to Bra- zil, Goes was appointed " Capitao maior," and with an armed vessel cruised on the coast, making sev- eral captures of contraband vessels. He assisted Souza greatly in the organization of the adminis- tration and in the development of the resources of the new colony, and sent many valuable notes to his brother for his history of Portugal and its colo- nies. Goes had a disagreement with Souza's suc- cessor, Duarte da Costa, in 1553, and was preparing to sail for Europe when he died.

GOESBRIAND, Louis de, R. C. bishop, b. in St. Urbain, France, 4 Aug., 1816. He studied the classics at Quimper and Pont Croix, Finisterre, and theology in the seminary of Quimper, and that of St. Sulpice, Paris. After his ordination in 1840 he resolved to devote himself to the Ameri- can mission, and sailed for the United States the same year. Between 1840 and 1847 he was occu- pied with missionary duties in the diocese of Cin- cinnati. He was next appointed vicar-general of the diocese of Cleveland and rector of the cathe- dral. When the see of Burlington was created in Vermont, he was nominated its first bishop. He entered upon his office in 1853, and at once set about building up the diocese. He obtained sev- eral priests from Europe, and introduced the Sis- ters of Providence, who established a school, and took charge of the orphans. He also established convents and schools of the Sisters of Mercy, Sis- ters of St. Joseph, and Sisters of the Congregation of Our Lady, opened schools in Winooski, Burling- ton, and Rutland, and built a fine Gothic cathedral. During his administi'ation the churches in the dio- cese have increased from 8 to 71, while the number of Catholics has nearly doubled.

GOESSMANN, Charles Anthony, chemist, b. in Naumburg, Germany, 13 June, 1827. He was educated at the gymnasium in Fritzlar, and then studied under Friedrich Wöhler in the University of Göttingen, where he received the degree of Ph. D. in 1853. From 1852 till 1857 he was assistant in the chemical laboratory, and privat-docent in the university. He then came to the United States, and at first was engaged in the development of the salt industry in New York and Michigan. In 1862 he became professor of chemistry in the Rensselaer polytechnic institute in Troy, but resigned that chair after two years. He was elected in 1869 to the chair of chemistry in the Massachusetts agricultural college, and in addition to his professorship has been chemist to the Massachusetts state board of agriculture since 1873, director of the state agricultural experiment station since 1882, and analyst of the Massachusetts state board of health since 1883. His contributions to chemical literature have been numerous, and include, prior to his coming to the United States, papers on organic acids contributed to the &ldquo;Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie.&rdquo; Dr. Goessmann's later papers include articles on sugar, salt, various foods, and special fertilization of plants. These have appeared chiefly in the reports of the organizations with which he has been connected.

'''GOETSCHIUS. Johannes Henricus''', clergyman, b. in Liguria, Switzerland, in 1718; d. in Hackensack, N. J., about 1800. He studied at the University of Zurich, and emigrated to the United