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622 South Carolina-, and in 1810 and 1812 was chosen speaker. In 1818 he was elected governor, which office he held until 1820. During his administra- tion he entertained President Monroe at his house on Broad street, in Charleston. Pie was major of cavalry in 1808, and after his service as governor was made brigadier-general of militia.

GEDDINGS, Eli, physician, b. in the district of Newberry, S. C, in 1799 ; d. in Charleston, S. C, 9 Oct., 1878. His first education was received in Abbeville academy, and he was graduated in medi- cine by the examining board of tiie Medical society of South Carolina in 1820. He began practice in St. George's parish, Colleton district, but soon re- turned to Abbeville, where he formed a connection with Dr. E. S. Davis. During the winter of 1821-'2 he attended lectures in the University of Pennsyl- vania. He went to Calhoun settlement, Abbeville district, where he continued until 1824, when he removed to Charleston, and was one of the first to receive a degree from the Medical college in 1825. He voluntarily discharged the duties of demonstra- tor of anatomy, and after a year spent in the hos- pitals of Paris and London held this office until 1828, when he resigned it to open a private school of practical anatomy and surgery, in which he was successful. In 1831 he accepted the chair of an- atomy and physiology in the University of Mary- land, and removed to Baltimore, where he edited the "Baltimore Medical Journal "in 1833, which in 1835 was changed to the " North American Ar- chives of Medical and Surgical Science," to which he contributed essays and editorials. He returned to Charleston in 1837 to take the chair of patho- logical anatomy and medical jurisprudence in the Medical college. He practised in all branches of medicine and surgery. In 1849 he held the chair of surgery, which he resigned in 1858 so that Prof. Dickson might be reinstated. He was a surgeon in the Confederate army during the civil war. When the fall of Charleston was imminent, his rare medi- cal library was sent to Columbia, where it perished in the fire that destroyed a large part of the city. This library embraced valuable works collected in Europe, and illustrated all branches of medical literature and scientific subjects. Plis collection of surgical instruments and apparatus was stolen while he was absent from his home during the bombardment of the city. Several years before he had organized in connection with the college a medical and surgical polyclinic, which he revived after the war. In 1871 he resigned his chair, and was elected professor emeritus of the institutes and practices of medicine. In that year a new chair of clinical medicine was created, to which he was elected, and he gave clinical lectures for two years. His early papers, published in the " American Jour- nal of Medical Science " (Philadelphia), include re- views and sketches in various languages.

GEDNEY, Jonathan Haight, inventor, b. in Rye, Westchester co., N. Y., 25 Feb., 1798; d. in Mamaroneck, N. Y., 7 Aug., 1886. He removed to New York, and in 1825 owned the Dry Dock saw- mill, which took fire in 1829, making so bright a light that tlie reflection is said to have been seen as far as New Haven, Conn. By this disaster Mr. Gedney and his partner were ruined. The former subsequently turned his attention to mechanics, and invented the wooden cogs used in the cotton- gin, and a plough for digging potatoes with one or two horses. He afterward returned to Rye, and held several local offices there. In his seventy-fifth year Mr. Gedney walked from Rye Neck to Dean street, Brooklyn, N. Y., in nine hours. When eighty-four years old he mowed for an entire day.

GEE, Joshua, clergyman, b. in Boston, Mass., 29 June, 1698; d. there, 22 May, 1748. He was graduated at Harvard in 1717, and ordained pastor of the Old North church in Boston, in 1723, as tiie colleague of Cotton Mather, who died in 1728. Mr. Gee continued in charge of the church until his own death. He was a member of an assembly of clergymen that met in Boston, 7 July, 1743, to dis- cuss the progress of religion in this country, and the same year published a letter addressed to the moderator, complaining of the character of the dis- cussions, asserting the prevalence of antinomian er- rors among the clergy, alleging that not more than one third of the pastors of Massachusetts were in attendance, and upholding the great Whitfieldian revival. Pie is said to have been a man of strong mind, unusual powers of reasoning, and the pos- sessor of much learning, but to have been intel- lectually indolent. He is the author of a " Sermon on the Death of Cotton Mather," and two dis- courses entitled, " The Strait Gate and the Nar- row Wav Infinitely Preferable to the Wide Gate and the 'Broad Way" (1729).

tJEER, Georg-e "Jarvis, clergyman, b. in Water- bury, Conn., 24 Peb., 1821; d."in New York, 16 March, 1885. He was graduated at Trinity college, Hartford, Conn., in 1842, and at the General theo- logical seminary, New York, in 1845, and became rector of Christ church, Ballston Spa, N. Y. He became associate rector of the Church of the Holy Apostles, New York, in 1859, and rector of St. Tim- othy's, New York, in 1866, which charge he held until his death, and of which he had been minister in charge since 1859. He was the first president of the P^'ree church guild of New York, and a mem- ber of the general convention of 1874. He received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbia, and that of r^. D. from LTnion in 1862. By appointment of the bishops, he edited and published, with Bishop Bedell and Rev. Dr. Muhlenburg, the " Tune-Book of the Protestant Episcopal Church " (1858). He also published " The Conversion of St. Paul " (New York, 1871).

GEFFRARD, Fabre, president of Hayti, b. in Anse Veau, Playti, 19 Sept., 1806; d. in Kingston, Jamaica, 11 Feb., 1879. His father. Gen. Nicolas Geffrard, one of the founders of the Ilaytian inde- pendence, died a few weeks after his birth ; and the boy, who was adopted by Col. Fabre, commanding a regiment at Aux Cayes, left the college of Aux Cayes in 1821, and enlisted as a private soldier. He rose by successive promotions to a captaincy, and, when Gen. Plerard-Riviere rose in rebellion against President Boyer in 1843, he appointed Geffrard lieutenant-colonel, and sent him to occupy Jeremie, where he was promoted colonel by the popular committee. He defeated Boyer near Jacmel, and pursued him as far as Tiburon. After the triumph of the revolution in 1844, he was appointed brigadier-general and commander of Jacmel. In 1845 he subdued a rebellion under Gen. Aehaau, and was promoted general of division ; but, when President Riche came into power in 1846, fearing Geffrard's popularity, he had him arrested and tried by a court-martial, which, however, acquitted him. Under Soulouque's presidency, Geffrard com- manded a division of the expeditionary army against the Dominicans in 1849, being wounded in the bat- tle of Azua. When Soulouque proclaimed himself emperor, under the title of Faustin I., in 1850, he created Geft'rard Duke of Tabaro. In 1856 Geffrard took part in the unfortunate second campaign against Santo Domingo, and as commander of the rear guard protected the retreat and saved the artillery. When Soulouque's government became