Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/653

Rh agent for the American anti-slavery society, and in 1844 editor of tiie "Anti-Slavery Standard," published in New York. This place he retained till 1858, when he became editorially connected with the " Tribune," of which, from 1862 till 1806, he was managing editor. Henry Wilson, after- ward vice-president of the United States, said: " The man deserved well of his country who kept the 'Tribune' a war paper in spite of Greeley." Mr. Gay was managing editor of the Chicago " Tribune " from 1868 till the great fire of 1871. During the following winter he acted with the relief committee, and wrote their first public report, in the spring of 1872, of their great work of the past six months. Subsequently, for two years, he was on the editorial staff of the New York " Evening Post." In 1874, William Cullen Bryant, being invited to join a great publishing-house in the enterprise of pre- paring an illustrated history of the United States, consented on condition that Mr. Gay should be its author, as he himself could not think of undertak- ing such a work at his advanced age. Mr. Bryant wrote the preface to the first volume, while the history itself was written by Mr. Gay, with the help of several collaborators in special chapters, to whom he gives credit in his prefaces. This work (4 vols., 8vo, New York, 1876-'81), beginning with the prehistoric races of America and coming down to the close of the civil war, introduced a new treatment of American history, which has been followed by later writers and has become popular. Mr. Gay afterward wrote a " Life of James Madison" (Boston, 1884). He was engaged on a life of Edmund Quincy for the series of the " American Men of Letters," when he was inter- rupted by a long and serious illness. — Another brother, Winckwortli Allan, artist, b. in Pling- ham, Mass., 18 Aug., 1821, was a pupil of Prof. Robert W. Weir, and studied in Italy and France, a part of the time with Troyon. He resides in Ilingham, and has attained reputation as a painter of mountain and sea-coast scenery. He has travelled in Egypt, China, and Japan. "A Scene in the White Mountains," painted for the Boston athenaaum, and " A Scene in Japan," paint- ed for the Somerset club, of Boston, are specimens of his earlier and later styles. Among his pictures exhibited at the National academy in New York city are " Mackerel Fleet, Beverly Coast, Mass." (1869), and " The Doge's Palace, Venice " (1875). His "Windmills of Delftshaven, Holland," was at the Centennial exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876, and was spoken of in the official report as " a very admirable picture." — Winckwortli Allan's nephew, Walter, artist, b. in Hingham, Mass., 22 Jan., 1856, entered a business office in his youth, but Avas sent in 1872, for his health, to a cattle-ranch in Nebraska. He returned to Boston at the age of seventeen, and began immediately to paint flower subjects, one of which, " Fall Flowers," was exhib- ited at the Philadelphia centennial exhibition (1876). In this year he went to Paris and entered the studio of Bonnat. At the end of three years he made a visit to Spain, the influence of which was seen in his first important picture, " The Fenc- ing Lesson," exhibited at the Paris salon (1879). His other works include " The Trained Pigeons " (1880) ; " Troubles of a Bachelor " (1881) ; " The Knife-Grinder" (1882); "Conspiracy under Louis XVI." (1883) ; " The Spinners " (1885) ; " The Weav- er" (1886); and "Richelieu" (1887), all of which were shown at the Paris salon, and " The Spin- ners " received honorable mention.

GAY, Edward, artist, b. in Ireland in 1837. He began to study art in Albany, N. Y., with James Hart, and went to Germany in 1862, where ho studied with Schirmer in Carlsruhe, and subse- quently with Lessing in Diisseldorf. He returned to the United States in 1867, and opened a studio in New York. In 1870 he was elected a National academician, and has regularly contributed to the exhibitions of the Academy and to those of the Water-color society. Among his works are " Moun- tain Stream " (1860) ; " Swabian Home " (1869) ; " Late Afternoon, near Albany " (1870) ; " Ready for the Reapers " (1875) ; "A Quiet Hour " (1876); " The Slopes of the Mohawk " (1877) ; " East Ches- ter, N. Y. " (1878) ; " The Last Load, Harvest- Time " (1878) ; " Gathering the Leaves " (1880) ; "Old Estates" (1881); "Banks of the Thames" (1882) : " On the Sogne Fjord, Norway " (1883) ; " Golden Grain " (1883) ; and " Norwegian Scene " (1884). His water-colors include " Foggy Morning by the Lake " (1876) ; " A Spring Morning " (1877) ; " Waving Grain " (1884) ; " Riverside " (1884) ; " Haymaking " (1884) : " Rye-Fields in Early June " (1885); "Hill-Side" (1885); " Oyster-Beds in Pel- ham Bay" (1885); and "Salt Marshes" (1885).

GAY, Picard du, French explorer, lived in the 17th century. He accompanied Father Hennepin and Michael Ako on a voyage to explore the sources of the Mississippi river. They left Fort Crevecoeur on 29 Feb., 1680, in a small canoe, and sailed down the Illinois river. After waiting for the Mississippi to become clear of floating ice, they turned north- ward, and on 11 April, 1680, arrived in Wisconsin, where they were surprised by a body of Indians in thirty-three canoes, who captured the party and seized their goods. On the following day the calu- met was smoked, the rude treatment changed for civility, and the explorers were allowed to depart. After sailing nineteen days they came in view of the cataract, which Hennepin named the " Falls of St. Anthony," in honor of his patron saint. Sub- sequently they were captured by the Sioux, but were permitted various liberties, and Hennepin and Ako went on an exploring trip of several weeks, leaving Picard du Gay in charge of the sword, pistols, and powder. They remained in this region for three months, when they met a party of five Frenchmen under the command of Sieur du Luth, who had arrived by way of the St. Lawrence. Hennepin, Gay, and Ako joined this party, and, after wandering among the savage tribes for a while, returned to Canada in September, 1680.

GAYARRE, Charles Etienne Arthur, b. in New Orleans, 9 Jan., 1805; d. there, 11 Feb., 1895. He was educated at the college of that city. In 1825, the draft of a criminal code having been laid before the state legislature by Edward Livingston, Gayarre published a pamphlet opposing some of its provisions, particularly that relating to the aboli- tion of capital punishment. He went to Phila- delphia in 1826, studied law, and was admitted to the bar there in 1828, returning to New Orleans in 1829. In the same year he was elected to the legislature, and was chosen by that body to write an address complimenting the French chambers on the revolution of 1830. He was appointed deputy attorney-general of the state in 1831, and in 1833 presiding judge of the city court of New Orleans. In 1835 he was elected to the U. S. senate, but impaired health prevented his taking his seat, and he went to Europe, where he remained for nearly eight years. In 1844 he again entered the state legislature, and was re-elected in 1846. He was appointed secretary of state in the latter year and again in 1850, retaining the office for seven years. In 1853 Judge Gayarre was an unsuccessful inde- pendent candidate for congress. During the civd