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612 warm, their agreements were broad and deep enough to insure mutual respect and a no inconsid- erable degree of co-operation. The political anti- slavery leaders recognized the value of the moral agitation as a means for the regeneration of pub- lic sentiment, and for keeping their own party up to its work ; and the agitators bore glad witness to the sincerity of men who, though they could not see their way clear to a repudiation " of the constitution, were bent upon doing all that they could under it to baffle the designs of the slave- power. Thousands of the political abolitionists made regular and liberal contributions to sustain the work of moral agitation, and the agitators re- joiced in every display of courage on the part of their voting friends, and in whatever good they could accomplish. The civil war brought the sin- cere opponents of slavery, of whatever class, into more fraternal relations. Mr. Garrison was quick to see that the pro-slavery Union was destroyed by the first gun fired at Sumter, and could never be restored. Thenceforth he and his associates la- bored to induce the government to place the war openly and avowedly on an anti-slavery basis, and to bend all its efforts to the establishment of a new Union from which slavery should be forever excluded. In this they had the co-operation of the most enlightened and earnest leaders and memljers of the Republican party, and on 1 Jan., 1863, their united labors were crowned with suc- cess. President Lincoln's proclamation of free- dom to the slaves was a complete vindication of the doctrine of immediate emancipation ; while the conditions of reconstruction gave the country a new constitution and a new Union, so far as slavery was concerned. When the contest was over, the leaders of the Republican party united with Mr. Garrison's immediate associates in rais- ing for him the sum of $30,000, as a token of their grateful appreciation of his long and faithful ser- vice ; and after his death the city of Boston accept- ed and erected a bronze statue to his memory. During the struggle in which he took so promi- nent a part he made two visits to England, where he was received with many marks of distinction by the abolitionists of that country, as the ac- knowledged founder of the anti-slavery movement in the United States. The popular estimate of his character and career is doubtless expressed in the words of John A. Andrew, war-governor of Massa- chusetts : " The generation which immediately pre- ceded ours regarded him only as a wild enthusiast, a fanatic, or a public enemy. The present genera- tion sees in him the bold and honest reformer, the man of original, self-poised, heroic will, inspired by a vision of universal justice, made actual in the practice of nations; who, daring to attack without reserve the worst and most powerful oppression of his country and his time, has outlived the giant wrong he assailed, and has triumphed over the sophistries by which it was maintained."

GARTH, George, British soldier, d. in 1819. His father, John Garth, was member of parliament for Devizes. The son entered the 1st regiment of foot-guards in September, 1755 ; was made colonel in February, 1779 ; major-general in November. 1782 ; and general in 1801. He was afterward governor of Placentia, and was a general of brigade in the American war of the Revolution. In July, 1779, he was second in command of Tryon's expe- dition, which plundered and destroyed Fairfield and Norwalk, Conn., and served under Clinton in the expedition against Charleston in 1780.

GARTLAND, Francis Xavier, R. C. bishop, b. in Dublin, Ireland, in 1805 ; d. in Savannah, Ga., 20 Sept., 1854. He received both his classical and theological training at St. Mary's college, Emmetts- burg, and was ordained priest by Bishop Connell in Philadelphia, in 1832. He was immediately af- terward apjiointed assistant to Fathe-r (afterward Archbishop) Hughes at St. John's church, Phila- delphia, and succeeded him as pastor after his nomination to be coadjutor-bishop of New York. In 1845 he was appointed vicar-general and aided the bishop in his administrative duties. He laid the corner-stone of several churches while with Bishop Kenrick. On the erection of the new see of Savannah, in 1849, Dr. Gartland was nominated its first bishop, but, owing to the Roman revolu- tion and the flight of Pius IX., the pontifical briefs for his consecration did not reach Baltimore until 9 Aug., 1850. He was consecrated bishop at St. John's church, Philadelphia, on 10 Sept., by Arch- bishop Eccleson. Although the resources of tiie new diocese were very limited, he at once entered strenuously on the work before him. He visited every part of his see repeatedly and enlarged the cathedral of St. John the Baptist, which he re- dedicated, 26 June, 1853. He erected three new churches, created as many missions, increased the number of his clergy, and established numerous societies and fraternities. Among the institutions with which he endowed his diocese were the Orphan asylum for boys established in Savannah, and the Society of Our Lady Help of Christians. He also established day-schools and Christian doctrine- schools in various places. When Savannah Mas desolated by the yellow fever in 1854 he went from house to house administering the sacraments. At last he was attacked by the disease, and conveyed to the house of a friend, who cared for him until his death. Bishop Gartland travelled extensively in the northern states the year after his consecra- tion, and visited his native country in the interests of his diocese. ' He also took part in the delibera- tions of the eighth council of Baltimore.

GARY, George, clergyman, b. in Middlefield, Otsego CO., N. Y., 8 Dec, "1793 ; d. 25 March, 1855. He entered the New England conference of the Methodist Episcopal church in 1809, in 1818 was made presiding elder, in 1825 was conference mis- sionary, and in 1834 a missionary to the Oneida In- dians. In 1836 he was transferred to the Black River conference, and in 1844 was appointed mis- sionary superintendent of Oregon. He remained there for four years, and on his return preached until 1854, when failing health forced him to re- tire from active ministerial labors. He was an eloquent preacher and did much to advance the religious and educational interests of the chui'ch.

GARZA, Lazaro de la (gar'-tha). Mexican R. C. bishop, b. in Pilon, Nueva Leon, 17 Dec, 1785; d. in Barcelona, Spain, 11 March, 1862. He studied law at the university, and was admitted to the bar in 1810, but in 1815 was ordained as a priest. He became successively vice-rector of the seminary, rector of Tepotzotlan. professor of canonical law at the seminary, and rector of the Church of the Holy Shrine in the capital. In 1819 he had taken the degree of doctor in canonical law, and in 1830 doctor of common law in the university of Caracas. In 1837 he became bishop of Sonora, and proceeded immediately to establish a seminary there. He also began to build a cathedral, and endowed many other churches with paintings, images, and vestments. He was confirmed archbishop of Mexico in 1830, and then devoted nearly his whole revenue to works of charity. On the publication of the decree of 25 June, 1856, secularizing the church property, Gar-