Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/643

Rh the medical and chirurgical society in 1883, was professor of general clinical surgery in the medico- chirurgical college, and surgeon-in-chief of the hospital of oral surgery. In addition to clinical discourses on surgical subjects, which have been printed in the United States and in Europe, he published " System of Oral Surgery " (Philadelphia and London, 1869) ; " Odd Hours of a Physician "' (Philadelphia, 1873); "Thinkers and Thinking" (1873); "Two Thousand Years After" (1875); "Hours with John Darby " (1877) ; "Brushland" (1882); and " Nineteenth 'Century Sense" (1887); and contributed largely to general literature. His non-medical books were written under the pen- name of "John Darby."

GARRETT, Alexander Charles, P. E. bishop, b. in Ballyinot, County Sligo, Ireland, 4 Nov., 1832. He was graduated at Trinity college, Dublin, in 1855, ancl took the Divinity testimonium on 19 Dec. of the same year. He was ordained deacon by the bishop of Winchester in the chapel of Farn- hiim castle, Surrey, England, 6 July, 1856, and priest by the same bishop, 7 July, 1857. He was ap- pointed to the curacy of East Worldham, in Hamp- shire, and held this place till September, 1859. He then sailed as missionary to British Columbia, where he remained for ten years, engaged in active service among the Indians and the white popula- tion. In December, 1869, he went to California, and became rector of St. James's church, San Fran- cisco. Here he remained until 1872, when he ac- cepted the rectorship of Trinity cathedral and dean of the cathedral chapter, Omaha, Nebraska. He received the degree of D. D. from Nebraska college in 1872, and from Trinity college, Dublin, in 1882, and that of LL. D. from the University of Missis- sippi in 1876. Dr. Garrett was elected" missionary bishop of northern Texas by both houses of the general convention in 1874, and was consecrated in Trinity cathedral, Omaha, 20 Dec. 1874. He en- tered on his new duties at once, and has since con- tinued them with zeal and diligence. Bishop Gar- rett has published several occasional sermons, a "Charge to the Clergy and Laity of Northern Texas " (1875), and " Historical Continuity, a Series of Sketches on the Church " (1875).

GARRETT, John Work, railroad president, b. in Baltimore, Md., 31 July, 1820; d. in Deer Park, Garrett co., Md., 26 Sept., 1884. His father, Robert Garrett, an enterprising merchant, from a small beginning had amassed a large fortune. The son en- tered Lafayette in 1834, but left in the following year. He then entered his father's counting- room, and in 1839 became a partner in the firm of Robert Garrett and Sons. Mr. Garrett took a great interest in the development of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. He was elected one of its di- rectors in 1857, and was its president from 1858 till his death. When he took charge of the road, it was in an embarrassed condition, but during the first year of his presidency the increase in its net gain reached $725,385 ; for the first time since its ex- istence the company paid a dividend, and has con- tinued to pay a semi-annual dividend ever since. In another year the entire floating debt was removed. During the civil war the road was constantly at the mercy of Confederate raiders, and parts of it were frequently destroyed. But the losses on the main stem were more than made up by the large business done by the Washington branch in carrying troops and provisions. After the war nu- merous branches and connecting roads were built or acquired, forming the present Baltimore and Ohio system. Mr. Garrett was also active in secur- ing a regular line of steamers between Baltimore and Bremen, and between Liverpool and Balti- more. Shortly before his death the Baltimore and Ohio express company and the Baltimore and Ohio district telegraph company were organized. Sir. Garrett was one of the most active trustees of the Johns Hopkins university, and a liberal contribu- tor to the funds of the Baltimore young men's Christian association. — His son. Robert, b. in Bal- timore, Md., 9 April, 1847; d. there, 29 July, 1896, was graduated at Princeton in 1867, and, after re- ceiving a business training in the banking-house of his father, became in 1871 president of the Val- ley I'ailroad of Virginia. He was made third vice- president of the Baltimore and Ohio in 1879, and in 1881 first vice-president. In 1884 he succeeded his father as president, having for some time dis- charged the functions of that office during his father's absence. Under his management the busi- ness and prosperity of the railroad largely increased. He directed several memorable contests with rival corporations. After his accession the extension of the railroad to New York, and the extension of the Baltimore and Ohio telegraph and express business throughout all sections of the country, were ac- complislred. He resided in Baltimore, where he built one of the largest and most luxurious resi- dences in the country, and he was identified with many commercial, benevolent, and artistic under- takings in that city.

GARRETT, Thomas, abolitionist, b. in Upper Darby, Pa., 21 Aug., 1783 ; d. in Wilmington, Del., 23 .Jan., 1871. He was of Quaker parentage, learned his father's trade, that of an edge-tool maker, removed to Wilmington in 1820, and be- came a wealthy iron merchant. He was devoted to the cause of emancipation from the time when a colored female servant was kidnapped from his father's house, in 1807, and for forty years gave aid and succor to fugitive slaves, and concealed their flight so skilfully that slave-owners usually gave up the chase when they learned that their run- aways had fallen into his hands. As many as 3,000 fugitives from Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia owed their liberty to him. He never enticed ne- groes to escape, and shrewdly avoided any breach of the law that could be proved against him. In May, 1848, howcA-er, he was compelled to pay heavy damages to owners of escaped slaves, and, after the passage of the fugitive - skve law, incurred tlie penalty of a fine that swept away the remainder of his fortune. In answer to the "reprimand of the U. S. district judge before whom he was tried, he said that he had always helped a fellow-being to liberty when he could, and should continue to do so. His fellow-townsmen readily advanced him the capital to begin business again, and before he died he had again acquired a competence. In ac- cordance with his dying instructions, his body was borne to the grave by colored men of Wilmington.

GARRIGUES, Henry Jacques, physician, b. in Copenhagen, Denmark, G June, 1831. He was graduated "at the University of Copenhagen in