Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/642

608 stay he was ordered to pas? on to the Onondagas to ascertain whether there was any prospect of re- building the church of St. Mary's, which had been destroyed. He was received with enthusiasm by this tribe, and especially by their chief, Garaconthie {q. v.). They begged him to remain among them, and on his declaring that he could not do so except a church should be built, they at once acceded to his demand. He met with great success in con- verting the Onondagas, and on the arrival of two other missionaries he set out to evangelize the Senecas. He did not meet with much success in his labors, and returned to Canada in 1683. In 1702 the Senecas petitioned for the return of the missionaries, and Father Gamier was one of those who returned. He remained some years among them, but, being at length exhausted by his labors, he went back to Canada. He was the last mission- ary who preached among the Senecas.

GARONHIAGUE, Louis, styled Hot Cinders by the French, Oneida chief, d. in New York state in 1687. He took part in the torture and murder of Father de Brebeuf in 1649. Afterward, having quarrelled with another Oneida sachem, he went to Canada, and, on hearing of his brother's death, re- solved never to return to his tribe. He stopped on his journey at the Christian Indian village of La Prairie. Here his wife was converted, and soon persuaded her husband to become a Christian. After his baptism he was elected fourth chief of the mission, and, although the youngest, soon be- came head-chief. His eloquence and fervor pro- duced such effect in the village that he was made catechist. He then went among the heathen tribes, and, with the aid of religious pictures, made nu- merous converts. He frequently visited his peo- ple, and persuaded many of his old adherents to follow him to La Prairie. In 1677 he rescued the famous convert Catliarine Tegakonita from the persecution of her uncle, and brought her from Gandawague to La Prairie. In 1687 he accom- panied Denonville, at the head of fifty braves from Caughnawaga, in his invasion of the Seneca coun- try. The French army, while passing through a defile, fell into an ambuscade of 800 Senecas. The Christian Indians bore the brunt of the attack, and Garonhiague fell mortally wounded.

GARRARD, James, governor of Kentucky, b. in Stafford county, Va., 14 Jan., 1749 ; d. in Bour- bon county, Ky., 9 Jan., 1822. While engaged as a militia officer in the Revolutionary war he was called from the army to a seat in the Virginia legislature. Here he was a zealous advocate of the bill for the establishment of religious liberty. Hav- ing removed with the early settlers to Kentucky, in 1783, and settled on Stoner river, near Paris, he became there a political leader, and was a mem- ber of the conventio-n which framed the first con- stitution of the state. Here he was ordained to the Baptist ministry. In 1791, pending the convention just named, he was chairman of a committee that reported to the Elkhorn Baptist association a me- morial and remonstrance in favor of excluding slavery from the commonwealth by constitution- al enactment. He was elected governor in 1796, and re-elected in 1800, serving eight years. — His grandson, Tlieophiliis Toulmiii, soldier, b. near Manchester. Ky., 7 June, 1812. tie was a mem- ber of the lower house of the Kentucky legislat- ure in 1843-'4, served through the Mexican war as a captain in the 16th U. S. infantry, went to California, on the discovery of gold in 1849. by the overland route, remained in the mines fifteen months, and then returned by way of Panama to Kentucky. He was elected to the state senate in 1857, resigned to become a candidate for con- gress, and elected a state senator again in 1861. He was appointed a colonel of the 3d Kentucky U. S. volunteei" infantry, promoted brigadier-gen- eral in March, 1863, and mustered out on 4 April, 1864. — A great-grandson, Kenner, soldier, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1830; d. there, 15 May, 1879, was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1851, entered the dragoons, became a captain on 3 March, 1855, was engaged in frontier service in Texas, and captured by the Confederates on 12 April, 1861, being placed on parole until exchanged as a prisoner of war on 27 Aug., 1862. He served meanwhile as instructor and commandant of cadets at West Point. He was commissioned on 27 Sept., 1862, as colonel of the 146th regiment of New York volunteers, and engaged in the principal bat- tles of the Rappahannock and Pennsylvania cam- paigns. On 23 July, 1863, he was promoted briga- dier-general of ^ volunteers, took part at Rappa- hannock Station and in the Mine Run operations, and in 1864 commanded a cavalry division of the Army of the Cumberland, and participated in the operations around Chattanooga and the invasion of Georgia, being constantly engaged in detached expeditions. He was bre vetted colonel in the U. S. army for services in the expedition to Coving- ton, Ga. From December, 1864, till the end of hostilities he commanded the 2d division of the 16th army corps. He distinguished himself at the battle of Nashville, earning the brevets of major- general of volunteers and brigadier-general in the regular army, participated in the operations against Mobile, led the storming column that captured Blakely, and was in command of the district of Mobile until after he was mustered out of the vol- unteer service on 24 Aug., 1865. He received the brevet of major-general, U. S. army, for services during the war. On 9 Nov.. 1866, he resigned his commission in the regular army.

GARRETSON, Freeborn, clergvman, b. in Maryland. 15 Aug., 1752; d. in New York, 26 Sept., 1827. In 1775 he became a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in December, 1784, he was ordained an elder, and volunteered as a missionary to Nova Scotia. In 1788, with twelve young ministers, he began the work of evan- gelizing eastern New York and western New Eng- land. He married Miss Catherine Livingston, of Rhinebeck, in 1791, and henceforth his labors were confined to New York city. He was eminently s\iccessful as a minister, and preached in almost all the eastern states from Nova Scotia to the Gulf of Mexico. He emancipated several slaves belong- ing to him, and made provisions in his will for the perpetual support of a missionary. See Bang's "Life of F. Garretson" (New Y'ork, 1832).— Plis daughter, Mary Rutherford, b. in 1783; d. near Rhinebeck, N. Y., 7 March, 1879, was of marked intellectual ability, and was noted for her works of benevolence and smallness of stature.

GARRETSON, James Edmund, author, b. in Wilmington, Del., 4 Oct., 1828; d. in Philadelphia, 27 Oct., 1895. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in medicine in 1859. Be afterward established himself in practice in Philadelphia, making a specialty of oral surgery. He successfully introduced many new operations and appliances, and was the first to use the surgical engine, and to introduce it into general practice. Dr. Garretson was a lecturer in the Philadelphia school of anatomy in 1861-3, and on oral surgery in the University of Pennsylvania in 1866-'9, and was dean of the Philadelphia dental college since 1879. He became president of