Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/640

606 cator, b. in Nelson county, Va., 21 March, 1810: d. in Nashville, Tenn., 12 Feb., 1895, was graduated at Hampden Sidney college ; was professor of chemistry in Washington college, Va. In 1833 he became professor of physics, and in 1835 president of Randolph Macon college, which post he held till 1847. From 1847 till 1866 he filled the chair of mathematics and physics in the University of Alabama, of which he became president in 1855. He was next professor of physics and astronomy in the University of Mississippi till 1875. when he was chosen chancellor and professor of physics in Vanderbilt university. Nashville. Tenn. In 1875 he travelled through Europe to purchase the physical and astronomical apparatus of that university. He contributed largely to the magazines of the southern Methodist Episcopal church, and published a treatise on " Trigonometry, Plane and Spherical" (Philadelphia, 1841).— Hugh A.'s nephew, Samuel, soldier, b. in Lynchburg, Va,., 16 Dec, 1830 ; d. at South Mountain, Md., 14 Sept., 1862, was educated at the Virginia military institute, was graduated in law from the University of Virginia in 1851, and practised with success in Lynchburg. He was chosen captain of a volunteer company that was organized in 1859, after John Brown's raid, was commissioned a colonel by the governor of Virginia on the secession of the state, and was engaged at the first battle of Bull Run, at Drainsville, and at the battle of Williamsburg, where he was wounded. He was promoted brigadier-general, and when he had recovered from his wound sufficiently to take the field, was given the command of a North Carolina brigade, which formed part of Gen. D. H. Hill's division. He was engaged in the battle of Seven Pines, the battles around Richmond, especially that of Gaines's Mill, the battle of Manassas, and led the van of Lee's army in the Maryland campaign, where he fell in the battle of South Mountain.

GARMAN, Samuel, naturalist, b. in Indiana county, Pa., 5 June, 1846. He was graduated at the Illinois state normal university in 1870, and for the following year was principal of the Mississippi state normal school. In 1871 he became professor of natural sciences in Ferry Hall seminary, Lake Forest, Ill., and a year later became a special pupil of Louis Agassiz in natural history. He was appointed in 1873 assistant in herpetology and ichthyology in the museum of comparative zoology in Cambridge, and still holds that office. In connection with his work he has made various explorations to South and Central America, and also geological expeditions to the Rocky and Sierra Nevada mountains. He is a member of scientific societies in the United States and Europe, and has been president of the Boston scientific society. His publications, besides many monographs on the nomenclature, anatomy, classification of new species of fishes, selachians, batrachians, reptiles, and similar topics, include &ldquo;The Reptiles and Batrachians of North America&rdquo; (Cambridge, 1883); &ldquo;Check List of the North American Reptiles and Batrachians&rdquo; (Salem, 1884); &ldquo;The Reptiles of Bermuda&rdquo; (Washington, 1884); and &ldquo;A Living Species of Cladodont Shark&rdquo; (Cambridge, 1885).

GARNEAU, François Xavier, Canadian author, b. in Quebec, 15 June, 1809; d. 3 Feb., 1866. He was educated at Quebec seminary, studied law, and was admitted as a notary in 1830. Subsequently he became clerk of the legislative assembly, member of the council of public instruction, and city clerk of Quebec, which office he held from 1845 till his death. He was an honorary member of literary and historical societies in the United

States and Canada, and for several years president of the Institut Canadien of Quebec. He wrote &ldquo;Histoire du Canada, depuis sa découverte jusqu' à nos jours&rdquo; (3 vols., Quebec, 2d ed., 1852, also translated into English); and &ldquo;Voyage en Angleterre et en France dans les années 1831, '32, '33.&rdquo;

GARNEAU, Pierre, Canadian capitalist, b. in Cap Santé, Quebec, 8 May, 1823. He was educated in his native place, and became a merchant. He is a director of the Quebec and Gulf ports steamship company, and of La banque nationale; is president of the Quebec street railway company, and a member of the Quebec board of trade. He was a government director of the North Shore railway, was mayor of the city of Quebec in 1870-'3, and a member of the canal commission in 1870. He was appointed a member of the executive council and commissioner of agriculture and public works for the province of Quebec in September, 1874, and of crown lands in January, 1876. He was elected to the legislative assembly in March, 1873, re-elected in 1875, and again in 1882.

GARNER, Peter M., abolitionist, b. in Lancaster county, Pa., 4 Dec., 1809; d. in Columbus, Ohio, 12 June, 1868. He removed to Fairview, Guernsey co., Ohio, with his parents, became a teacher, and was a pioneer in the anti-slavery movement in Ohio. In 1845, with two other citizens, he was seized by Virginians and taken to Parkersburg and thence to Richmond, and held in confinement six months, on a charge of assisting slaves to escape, but was finally released on his own recognizance. From 1847 till 1860 he taught in the Ohio penitentiary at Columbus, and during the war had charge of the military prisoners.

GARNET, Henry Highland, clergyman, b. in New Market, Md., 23 Dec., 1815; d. in Monrovia, Liberia, 13 Feb., 1882. He was a pure-blooded negro of the Mendigo tribe, of the Slave Coast, and born in slavery. His parents escaped with him to Bucks county, Pa., where they remained a year, and in 1826 settled in New York city. He was educated in Canaan academy, N. H., and the Oneida institute, near Utica, N. Y., where he was graduated with honor in 1840. He taught in Troy, N. Y., studied theology under Dr. Nathaniel S. S. Beman, was licensed to preach in 1842, and was pastor of a Presbyterian church in Troy for nearly ten years. For a short time he also published &ldquo;The Clarion,&rdquo; a newspaper. In 1846 he was employed by Gerrit Smith to distribute a gift of land among colored people. He went to Europe in 1850 in the interest of the free-labor movement, and lectured in Great Britain on slavery for three years. In 1851 he was a delegate to the peace congress at Frankfort, He went to Jamaica as a missionary for the United Presbyterian church of Scotland in 1853, but returned to the United States on account of failing health, and in 1855 entered on the pastorate of Shiloh Presbyterian church in New York city. In 1865 he accepted a call to a church in Washington, D. C. After a successful pastorate of four years he resigned to become president of Avery college, but gave up that post soon afterward, and returned to Shiloh church. President Garfield offered him the appointment of minister and consul-general to Liberia, and after the accession of President Arthur the nomination was made and confirmed by the senate. He arrived at Monrovia on 23 Dec., 1881, and entered auspiciously upon his diplomatic duties, but soon succumbed to the climate. A memorial school, organized by his daughter, Mrs. M. H. Garnet Barboza, was endowed in honor of him at Brewersville, Liberia.