Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/639

Rh he calmed the mob frenzied at the news of Lincoln's death: &ldquo;Fellow-citizens: Clouds and darkness are around him; His pavilion is dark waters and thick clouds; justice and judgment are the establishment of his throne; mercy and truth shall go before his face! Fellow-citizens! God reigns, and the Government at Washington lives.&rdquo;

After the death of President Garfield, a popular subscription for his widow and children realized over $300.000. The income of this fund is to be paid to Mrs. Garfield during her life, after which the principal is to be divided among the children—four sons and a daughter. More than forty of Garfield's speeches in congress have been published in pamphlet-form, as has also his oration on the life of Gen. George H. Thomas. A volume of brief selections, entitled &ldquo;Garfield's Words,&rdquo; was compiled by William R. Balch (Boston, 1881). His works have been edited by Burke A. Hinsdale (2 vols., Boston, 1882). The most complete life of President Garfield is that by James R. Gilmore (New York, 1880).

A monument to President Garfield. designed by John Q. A. Ward, was erected in Washington, D. C., by the Society of the army of the Cumberland, and dedicated on 12 May, 1887. It consists of a bronze statue of Garfield, 10&frac12; feet high, standing on a circular pedestal, 18 feet in height, with buttresses, on which are three reclining figures, representing a student, a warrior, and a statesman. The U. S. government gave the site and the granite pedestal, besides contributing to the cost of the statues, and furnishing cannon to be used in their casting. (See page 602.) The unusual attitude of the arms is explained by the fact that Gen. Garfield was left-handed. His wife, Lucretia Rudolph, b. in Hiram, Portage co., Ohio, 19 April 1832, was the daughter of a farmer named Rudolph. She first met her husband when both were students at Hiram, Ohio, and was married 11 Nov., 1858. in Hudson, Ohio, soon after his accession to the presidency of the college. Seven children were born to them, of whom four sons and one daughter are living (1898).

GARLAND, Augustus Hill, cabinet officer, b. in Tipton county, Tenn., 11 June, 1832. His parents removed to Arkansas before he was a year old. He was educated at St. Mary's college, Lebanon, Ky., and St. Joseph's college, Bardstown, Ky., read law there and in Arkansas, and was admitted to the bar in Washington, Ark., in 1853. After practising in that place for three years, he removed to Little Rock. He was a Whig in politics, and in 1860 was an elector on the Bell and Everett ticket. He was an opponent of the secession ordinance in the State convention, but after its passage he espoused the southern cause, and was a member of the Provisional congress that met in Montgomery, Ala., in May, 1861. He was chosen a delegate to the 1st Confederate congress, and afterward served in the senate, in which he had a seat when the Confederacy fell. In 1865 he petitioned the U. S. supreme court for the right to practise without taking the "iron-clad" oath, presenting an argument on which the question was decided in his favor in December, 1867. He was elected U. S. senator for the term beginning on 4 March, 1867, but was not permitted to take his seat. In 1874, after serving a short time as acting secretary of state, he was elected by a large majority governor of Arkansas under the new state constitution. In January, 1876, he was sent to the U. S. senate, succeeding Powell Clayton, a Republican, and re-elected in 1883, serving from 5 March, 1877, to 5 March, 1885, when he took his seat in the cabinet, having been appointed by President Cleveland attorney-general of the United States. His successful test-oath case is reported in Wallace's "Supreme Court Reports," vol. iv.



GARLAND, John, soldier, b. in Virginia in 1792; d. in New York city, 5 June, 1861. He was appointed 1st lieutenant of infantry on 31 March, 1813, served through the war with" Great Britain, became a captain on 7 May, 1817, was made major by brevet in 1827, attained the full rank of major on 30 Oct., 1836, and that of lieutenant-colonel on 27 Nov., 1839. He won distinction in the Florida war under Gen. Worth, and served through the Mexican war, distinguishing himself in six battles, and commanding a brigade at Monterey and through Gen. Scott's subsequent campaign. He was severely wounded at the taking of the city of Mexico. He was brevetted colonel for gallantry at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. and brigadier-general for meritorious and gallant conduct at Contreras and Churubusco. He was promoted colonel on 9 May, 1861.—His cousin, Hugrll A., lawyer, b. in Nelson county, Va., 1 June, 1805; d. in St. Louis, Mo., 15 Oct., 1854, was graduated at Hampden Sidney college in 1825, was professor of Greek there for the next five years, and became afterward a successful lawyer, practising in Mecklenburg county, Va. He sat in the Virginia assembly for five years, and was chosen clerk of the National house of representatives in 1838. At the opening of congress in 1839 he called the roll, as clerk of the last house, but omitted five Whigs, elected from New Jersey, whose seats were contested, thus securing a Democratic majority. A scene of uproar resulted, which was continued on succeeding days, until John Q. Adams was elected chairman pro tempore. In 1841 he settled on a farm near Petersburg, and engaged in mercantile business, by which he lost his property. In 1845 he removed to St. Louis, and resumed the practice of the law. He was the author of a " Life of John Randolph"

(New York, 1850).— The son of Hugh A., Hugh A., lawyer, d. at Franklin, Tenn., 30 Nov., 1864, studied and practised law in St. Louis, Mo. He joined the Confederate army, M'as made a colonel, participated in the actions between the forces of Gens. Hood and Thomas in middle Tennessee, and fell at Franklin, Tenn., while leading his command.—The brother of Hugh A., Landon Cabell, edu-