Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/630

598 service in connection with the " Missionary Maga- zine " and the " Watchman " newspaper, besides writing tracts and review articles. He received the degree of D. D. from Dartmouth in 1867.

GARDNER, Henry, statesman, b. in Stowe, Middlesex co., Mass., about 1730 ; d. in Boston in 1782. He was _i,n-aduated at Harvard in 1750, and wasastrong Lilteral tlirougliout the Revolution, en- tei'ing into politics iu 1775, and continuing in pub- lic life until his death. Mr. Gardner was a mem- ber of the Middlesex convention of February, 1774, which met to consult for the common defence and welfare of the country. This and several other as- semblies, held during the same month in the New England states, recommended a provincial con- gress, which accordingly convened in Salem in Oc- tober, 1774, and the next day adjourned to Con- cord, N. H. He served in this and in the congresses of February and May, 1775, which met in Water- town, Mass., and was chosen treasurer of the prov- ince by the 1st congress. — His grandson, Henry Joseph, b. in Dorchester in 1819 ; d. in Milton, 21 July, 1892. lie was governor of Massachusetts for three terms iu 1855, "(i, "7.

GARDNER, John Lane, soldier, b. in Boston, Mass., 1 Aug., 1793 ; d. in Wilmington, Del., 19 Feb., 1869. He entered the army in 1812 as lieutenant of infantry, saw his first active service in Canada, and was wounded at the battle of La Colle Mill, 30 March, 1814, while serving under Gen. James Wilkinson. After the war he was transferred to the artillery. In 1820-'30 lie was assistant quartermaster-general, with the rank of captain, and in 1833 was brevetted major of artil- lery for ten years' faithful service. He served with his regiment during the Florida war, and was re- ported to the department as having shown "the utmost activity, skill, and intrepidity " at the bat- tle of Wahoo Swamp, 21 Nov., 1832. He was pro- moted major in 1845, commanded his regiment throughout the Mexican war, was brevetted lieu- tenant-colonel for service at the battle of Cerro Gordo, 18 April, 1847, and colonel at Contreras on 30 Aug., where he commanded the right column of attack. From 1842 till 1850 he was in com- mand of the district of Florida, became lieuten- ant-colonel in 1852, and some years later was stationed at Charleston liarbor, where he was in command in 1860. Though mustering fewer than fifty men at Fort Moultrie, he effected an arrange- ment with Col. Joseph P. Taylor, commissary-gen- eral, for six months' provisions, and announced his intention to defend the fort to the last extremity against the secessionists. Secretary of War John B. Floyd thereupon relieved him from command, and ordered him to report to Gen. David E. Twiggs, in Texas. Maj. Robert Andei'son succeeded to the command at Fort Moultrie, and on Christmas eve removed the garrison to Fort Sumter. In 1861 he was promoted colonel of the 2d artillery, and the next year was, by his own request, placed on the retired list, and employed in recruiting service. In 1865 he was brevetted brigadier-gen- eral "for long and faithful service."

GARDNER, Joseph, member of the Continental congress, b. in Honeybrook township, Chester co., Pa., in 1752; d. in Elkton, Md., in 1794. He studied medicine, and was one of the first to attend the lectures given at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, after which he settled in the practice of his profession in his na- tive place. At the beginning of the Revolution- ary war he raised a company of volunteers, and afterward was given command of the 4th battalion of Chester county militia. He also served on the general committee of safety from July, 1776, till December, 1777, and was appointed in July, 1776. one of the board of commissioners of Chester county by the Pennsylvania constitutional conven- tion, also becoming in November, 1777, one of tTie commissioners to collect clothing for the army. Dr. Gardner was a member of the Pennsylvania assembly in 1776-'8, and in 1779 was chosen a member of the supreme executive council. In. 1784 he was elected to the Continental congress,, and served for one year. Subsequently, until 1792, he resided in Philadelphia, and there followed his profession. He then removed to Elkton, Md., where he spent the remainder of his life.

GARDNER, Samuel Jackson, editor, b. in Brookline, Mass., in 1788; d. in the White Moun- tains, N. H., 14 July, 1864. He was graduated at Harvard in 1809, and afterward practised law for many years in Roxbury, Mass., where he held sev- eral county and state offices. In 1838 he removed to Newark, N. J., and in the succeeding year edited the " Advertiser," a daily paper, which failing- health compelled him to resign in 1861. Many of his essays, under the signature of " Decius," were collected and published under the title of " Autumn Leaves " (New York. 1859). — His son, Augustus- Kin^sley, physician, born in Roxbury, Mass., 13 July, 1812; d: in New York city, 7 April 1876, was graduated in medicine at Harvard in 1844. He then visited Europe, and studied three years. Returning to the United States, he established himself in New York, and was elected professor of diseases of women and children, and of midwifery, in the New York medical college. Dr. Gardner gave special attention to the importation of foreign birds, as destroyers of insect larvae ; to the establish- ment of drinking-f ountains in New York city ; to the reformation of the established code of medical ethics ; and the investigation of the swill-milk business. He was the first physician in the United States that gave chloroform in labor, and practised it successfully while professor of midwifery in the New York medical college. In consequence of a consultation with a homoeopathic physician, he had a rupture with the Academy of physicians, and resigned. He is the author of "Hours of a Medi- cal Student in Paris " (New York, 1848); "Causes and Treatment of Sterility" (1850); "Our Chil- dren" (Hartford, 1872); and "Translation of Seanzoni's Diseases of Females." He edited Tyler Smith's " Lectures," and contributed many pro- fessional and scientific papers to current literature.

GARDNER, Thomas, soldier, b. in Cambridge, Mass., in 1724; d. in Boston, 18 June, 1775. He ranked among the most zealous sons of liberty, and was a member of the convention of Middlesex county, in 1774, held to consult on measures for public safety and defence, and of the Provincial congress of Massachusetts of October, 1774, and February, 1775. By this congress he was ap- pointed one of the committee of safety chosen to act instead of the council and governor, who were believed to be mere tools of the British. In May, 1775, he raised a regiment according to the in- structions of the Provincial congress, and was com- missioned its colonel. At the battle of Bunker Hill, 17 June, 1775, while hastening with a part of his regiment to the redoubt, and in the act of de- scending the hill, he received a mortal wound, of which he died the next dav.

GARDNER, William Henry, naval officer, b. in Maryland in 1800 ; d. in Pliiladelphia, 18 Dec, 1870. He entered the navy in 1814 as a midshipman, was commissioned lieutenant in 1825, served on the "Vandalia," of the British squadron, in