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576 altar service was washed into the lake, and this calamity was attributed directly to the evil one. It happened that on reaching Detroit they stumbled upon a stone image, which Galinee believed to be a representation of the devil, whereupon, in his exasperation, he demolished the image, and, with the help of his "coureurs des bois," buried the fragments in the^river. He prepared a map of the great lakes, according to which he does not seem to have known that Michigan was a peninsula. This was tlie second map made of this district, the first having been drawn bv Champlain in 1032.

GALLAGHER, Hugh P., clergyman, b. in Killygordan, County Donegal, Irehind. in 1815 ; d. in San Francisco, Cal., in March, 1883. He came to the United States in 1837 and completed his theological studies at the seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, Philadelphia. He was appointed pro- fessor of classics a few months afterward, and in 1840 was ordained priest. He was placed in charge of Pottsville, where he effected great reforms among the miners, and established a temperance society which soon had over 5,000 members. After having charge of another parish in Pennsylvania, he was made president of the theological seminary in Pittsburg in 1844, and also given charge of a large parish there. He founded and edited for some time the " Pittsburg Catholic," and in 1844 founded St. Francis's college for boys. In 1850 he introduced the Sisters of Mercy, for whom he es- tablished St. Aloysius's academy for girls. He also founded " The Crusader," at Summitville, Cambria CO. In 1852 he was appointed tlieologian to the first ijlenary council of Baltimore, and in the au- tumn of the same year went to California. Here he built a church at Benicia, aided in erecting the cathedral of St. Mary in San Francisco, and began a church in Oakland. In 1853 he established the "Catholic Standard," the first Roman Catholic journal on the Pacific coast, and edited it for sev- eral months. He went to Europe in 1853, se- cured a large number of priests for tlie Californian mission, and placed fourteen students in ecclesi- astical colleges to be educated for the same pur- pose. While in Ireland he secured the services of Sisters of Mercy and nuns of the Presentation or- der for the schools and hospitals he intended to establish in California. After obtaining large do- nations on the continent he returned to California in 1854. The failure of Adams's express and bank- ing company in 1855, by which large numbers of the working classes were impoverished, made it necessary for them to seek a safer place of deposit for their savings afterward. Father Gallagher was selected as their banker, and he acted in this ca- pacity for several years, during which time several million dollars passed through his hands. His health suffered, and in 1800 he was obliged to re- tire to the northern part of the state, where he purchased a large building at Yreka, and converted it into a church. In the same year he built churches in Carson City, Genoa, and Virginia City. He returned in 1801 to San Francisco and at once set about building St. Joseph's church, St. Joseph's free schools, and St. Joseph's hall. The schools formed the most important work of his life. In 1805 he founded the Magdalen asylum, which he placed in charge of the Sisters of Mercy. He had previously been instrumental in founding St. Mary's hospital. During the commercial stagna- tion of 1809-'70 he laid before the legislature a plan for the improvement of Golden Gate park, and obtained an appropriation for the purpose.

GALLAGHER, Nicholas Aloysius, R. C. bishop, b. in Temperanceville, Belmont co., Ohio, 19 Feb., 1846. He was educated at Mount St. Mary's of the West, and, after finishing his theological studies, was ordained priest at Columbus in i808. In 1869 he was stationed at St. Patrick's church, Columbus, attending at the same time the chapel of St. Joseph's cathedral. In 1872 he was ap- pointed president of the seminary of St. Aloysius, near Columbus, and, when Bishop Rosecrans fixed his residence at St. Joseph's, he was made pastor of St. Patrick's and vicar-general of the diocese of Columbus. He was administrator of the see during the vacancy from October, 1878, to August, 1880. He was next named titular bishop of Canopus. and aj)pointed administrator of the diocese of Galves- ton. He was consecrated, 30 April, 1882. Bishop Gallagher has done much to restore order in the diocese intrusted to his care, but finds difiiculty in keeping pace with the tide of emigration fiowing into Texas. In 1884 there were forty priests, fifty churches and chapels, several female academies conducted by Ursuline nuns and others, and about 38,000 Roman Catholics under his jurisdiction.

GALLAGHER, William Davis, journalist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 21 Aug., 1808. His father, who was implicated in the Irish rebellion of 1798, emigrated to this country, and died soon afterward. His widow removed to Cincinnati, where young Gallagher was apprenticed in a printing-office in 1821. Four years later he began to write occasion- ally for the press, and edited the " Backwoods- man," at Xenia, Ohio, in 1830 ; the " Cincinnati Mirror," in 1831, to which he contributed a num- ber of prose tales and poems that attracted much attention ; the Cincinnati " Western Literary Jour- nal and Monthly Review," in 1830; "The Hespe- rian : A Monthly Miscellany of General Litera- ture," while also engaged in the management of the Columbus " Ohio State Journal," in 1838 ; and in 1839 became associate editor of the Cincinnati " Gazette," maintaining that connection until 1850, in which year he accompanied Hon. Thomas Cor- win to Washington in a confidential capacity, the latter having just been appointed secretary of the treasury. In 1853 Mr. Gallagher removed to Louis- ville, and in 1854 joined the editorial staff of the " Daily Courier," but withdrew within a few yeai's, and retired to a farm near that city, where he wrote much on agriculture. During the civil war he was again employed in the U. S. treasury department. Since that date he has been a resident of Louisville and its neighborhood. Mr. Gallagher first became known as a writer in 1828 by the publication of "A Journey through Kentucky and Mississippi," in the " Cincinnati Chronicle." His first poetical contribution that attracted general attention was " The Wreck of the Hornet." This was reprinted in a collection of his poems entitled " Errato " (3 vols., Cincinnati, 1835-'7). He edited " Selections from the Poetical Literature of the West " (Cin- cinnati, 1841). In 1849 he delivered the annual address before the Ohio historical and philosophi- cal society, of which he was president, on " The Progress and Resources of the Northwest." One of the most elaborate of his agricultural essays is his " Fruit Culture in the 'Ohio Valley." His lat- est volume is " Miami Woods : A Golden Wedding and Other Poems " (Cincinnati, 1881). His next and concluding volume will comprise " Ballads of the Border," "Civile Bellum," being poems of the civil war, and " New Fables of the Old Fairies."

GALLAHER, John Nicholas, P. E. bishop, b. in Washington, Ky., 17 Feb., 1839 ; d. in New Orleans, La., 7 Dec, 1891. He was educated at the University of Virginia, and studied law, but soon afterward went to the General theological seminary.