Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/571

Rh sioned judge in 1804, remaining in the latter ol!ice till 1820. From 177G till 1805 he was postmaster of Portland. He was an active and efficient friend of Bowdoin college. His publications include " The Massachusetts Justice " (1803) ; and " Pro- bate Directory" (1803); and he edited the "Jour- nal of Rev. Thomas Smith " (1821).

FREEMAN, William Grimsby, soldier, b. in Virginia in 1815 ; d. in Cornwall, Pa., 12 Nov., 1866. Pie was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1834, and assigned to the 4th artillery. He served in the Florida war, and was made 1st lieutenant for gallantry on several occasions. In 1840 he became instructor of infantry and artillery tactics at West Point, and in the following year served on the northern frontier at Buffalo, during the Canada border disturbances. From 1841 till 1849 he served as assistant in the adjutant-gen- eral's office in Washington, D. C. He was after- ward chief of staff to Gen. Scott, commanding the army headquarters at New York. He was brevet- ted major in 1847, and lieutenant-colonel in 1848, " for meritorious conduct, particularly in the per- formance of his duty in the prosecution of the war with Mexico." He made a tour of inspection of the Department of Texas in 1853, and served as as- sistant adjutant-general from 1853 till 1856, when he resigned on account of failing health, which prevented his taking part in the civil war.

FREIRE, Luiz Jose Juiiqueira (fry -re), Bra- zilian poet, b. in Sao Salvador da Bahia, 31 Dec, 1832; d. there, 24 July, 1855. At the age of seven he was disabled by illness, and at fourteen he could not read ; but after that he made rapid progress. In 1848 he entered the Lyceum of Bahia, where he studied especially the Latin and Portuguese poets, and in a short time was able to recite from memory some of their best productions. At the age of seventeen he published poems, which were received with general favor ; but about that time he fell passionately in love with a young lady who did not return his affection, and he consequently renounced the world and entered a cloister, 29 March, 1851. But his superiors, seeing his disgust with monastic life, obtained, in 1854, permission for his perpetual secularization, and he left the cloister. He continued writing, but his health was undermined, and he died eight months after leaving the convent. The greater part of his manuscripts are lost, or probably suppressed by opponents of his ideas. Dr. Franklin Doria col- lected and published the following : " Estudo," "Contradic9oes Poeticas," and " Inspiragoes do Claustro." The last-named work has been trans- lated into several languages.

FREIRE, Nicolas, Peruvian soldier, b. in Lima in 1810 ; d. there about 1880. His parents, to escape Spanish persecution, had emigrated to Chili, and young Freire received his education in the University of Chili. But early in life he was enrolled in the Chilian army, participating in the campaign of Chiloe in 1825 and in the battle of Lircay in 1830, and after the latter event returned to his country. From 1849 till 1853 he was Peru- vian consul-general in Chili, in 1854 military commander of the northern provinces of Peru, in 1855 assistant secretary and afterward minister of war, which place he held until 1856, when he was appointed general of division and military eoin- mander-in-chief of the southern departments, be- coming next year chief of staff of the army of operation of the south. In 1858 he was appointed prefect of the department of Lima, and in 1860 intrusted again with tJie ministry of war. In 1863 he went as prefect and commander of the navy station to Callao, but returned toward the end of the year to the ministry of war. which he held until 1864, when he was elected senator for the department of Cajamarca. In 1868 he was elected a member of the supreme council of war, prefect of Moquegua, and commanding general of artillery. In 1872 he was appointed inspector- general of the army and navy, and next year minister of war and the navy, which office he held until the expiration of President Pardo's term in 1876, when he retired to private life.

FREIRE, Ramon, Spanish-American soldier, b. in Santiago, Chili, 29 Nov., 1787 ; d. there, 9 Dec, 1851. In 1811 he enlisted in the Chilian army, and within two years was promoted to lieu- tenant, having taken part in several battles. With the grade of captain he served in the battle of Rancagua, where, imder command of O'llig- gins, he cut his way through the ranks of the enemy. After this disastrous campaign he emi- grated to the Argentine Republic. In 1815 he joined a company of privateers, commanded by H. Buchard, engaged in capturing Spanish vessels on the Pacific. In 1816 he joined the army of San Martin, and in December of the same year received from this general an order to penetrate into Chili by the southern Cordilleras and take Talca, which he accomplished, 11 Feb., 1817, at the same time that San Martin routed the Spanish army in Chacabuco. Afterward he destroyed the remain- der of the Spanish army in several sharply con- tested battles. He was made a member of the Legion of ]\Ierit. which replaced the titles of no- bility. On 27 Nov., 1820, in command of a small regiment, he defeated an army of 2,000 men under command of Benavides. In 1823, on the abdica- tion of Gen. O'Higgins, Freire was elected dicta- tor. Toward the close of 1825 he left Valparaiso with a force of 3,000 men and drove the Spaniards from the archipelago of Chiloe, and on his return from this expedition resigned the supreme magis- tracy and retired to private life. In 1827 he was again elected dictator, but resigned, and in 1830, when the Conservative party got possession of the supreme power, the Liberals rose in arms under Gen. Freire, but, after several months of bloody struggle, they were defeated at Lircay. Freire was taken prisoner and banished to Peru. In 1836 he attempted another insurrectionary movement against the conservative government, hiring two vessels in Peru, and landing with an armed force at Chiloe ; but the government at once arrested him, and he was banished again. In 1842 he once more returned to his native country.

FREIRE DE ANDRADA, Gomez, Portuguese soldier, b. in Lisbon, 19 Dec, 1636; d. at Para, Brazil. 3 Jan., 1702. He was a nephew of the famous historian Jacintho Freire de Andrada. He served in the artillery, and soon reached the highest grades as an officer. In May. 1685, he was made captain-general of Maranhao, and in June, 1687, of Para. This important post he filled until his death, serving his country most efficiently, and doing for the north of Brazil what his cousin of the same name was doing for the south. Para and the other cities under his jurisdiction owed important improvements to him. Pie brought under cultivation immense stretches of land hitherto unproductive, introduced the cultivation of rice, and encouraged that of cocoa and coffee. He took particular interest in the Indian question, subdued the ferocious tribe of Tayupes, and founded at Belem an ethnographic museum, which, though still incomplete, has been of great service to science. Under his administration the population of