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Rh Episcopal church, and was appointed successively to churches in Chicago, till in 1872 he was elected president of Nortliwestern university. He held this office till 1870, when he was elected by the general conference to the editorship of the New York " Christian Advocate." Four years later he was elected one of the corresponding secretaries of the missionary society of the Methodist Epis- c|)al church, and in 1884 he was elected and ordained bishop. He received the de- gree of D. D. from the Northwestern university, and after- ward that of LL. D. from Syracuse uni- versity, N. Y. He was a delegate to the general confer- ences^ of 1872, 1876, 1880, 1884, and 1888. Since his elevation he has traveled through the country in the performance of his official duties, and has also visited South America. PI is residence is at San Francisco, and he has devoted a large share of his labors to the interests of the Methodist Episco- pal church in the Pacific states.

FOWLER, Henry, clergyman, b. in Stock- bridge, Mass., in 1824; d. in Vineyard Haven, Mass., 4 Aug., 1872. He was graduated with honors at Williams in 1847, went to New York, and entered upon a literary career. He was editor of " Holden's Magazine," and a contributor to other journals and periodicals. About 1852 he removed to Chicago, and was editor and part proprietor of the " Trib- ime " for a year or more. From this place he was called to the professorship of political economy in the University of Rochester, N. Y., which he filled for nearly five years, studying meanwhile in Roches- ter theological seminary. In 1858 he was licensed and eallecl to the pastorate of the 2d Prt sbyterian church in Auburn. N. Y. He married, in 1858, a daughter of Prof. Chester Dewey. His pastorate in Auburn continued till 1871, when he resigned in consequence of failing health. He was the author of " The American Pulpit," a volume of biographi- cal and descriptive sketches of living pulpit celebri- ties, with portraits (New York, 1856).

FOWLER, Joseph Smith, senator, b. in Steubenville, Ohio, 31 Aug., 1822. He was graduated at Franklin college, Ohio, in 1843, and for four years filled the chair of mathematics in that insti- tution. He then studied law in Kentucky, but be- gan practice in Tennessee. When the civil war began, he ardently espoused the National cause, and in September, 1861. in consequence of a procla- mation of Jefferson Davis for the expulsion of loyal people, he removed to Springfield, 111. In April, 1862, he returned to Tennessee, was made comptroller of the state under Gov. Andrew John- son, and took a leading part in reorganizing the state government in the interests of the Union. He was elected to the U. S. senate in 1865, but was not admitted to his seat until Julv, 1806.

FOWLER, Lyttleton, clergyman,' b. in Smith City, Tenn., 12 Sept., 1802; d:'in Texas, 19 Jan., 1846. He became a member of the Methodist church in 1819, was licensed to pi-each in Ken- tucky on 30 Sept., 1826, was ordained as deacon in October, 1828, stationed at Louisville the following year, and ordained an elder in October, 1830. In 1832 he went to Tennessee, and in August, 1833, as a missionary to Texas. In 1838 he was appointed by the Mississippi conference superintendent of the Texas mission. After the organization of the Texas conference he was presiding elder of various districts. He attended, in 1844, the last conference before the division of the church, and in 1845 the Louisville convention, at which the Methodist Episcopal church south was organized.

FOWLER, Orin, clergyman, b. in Lebanon, Conn., 29 July, 1791 ; d. in Washington, D. C, 3 Sept., 1852. He was graduated at Yale in 1815, studied theology under President Dwight, taught in the academy in Fairfield, Conn., for a year, was licensed to preach on 14 Oct., 1817, made a mission- ary tour in the Mississippi valley in 1818, and in 1819 was settled over a Congregational church in Plainfield, Conn. He was dismissed by this society in 1831, but was immediately called to a churcli in Fall River, of which he remained pastor until he entered congress. In 1841 he delivered three dis- courses containing a history of Fall River since 1620, and an account of the boundary dispute be- tween Massachusetts and Rhode Island. He was appointed by a committee of citizens to defend the interests of the town before the boundary commis- sioners, published a series of articles on the sub- ject in the Boston "Atlas," and was elected in 1847 to the state senate, where he secured the rejection of the decision of the boundary commission by a unanimous vote. His constituents were so pleased with his ability as a legislator that they elected him in 1848 as a Free-soil Whig to the National house of representatives, and re-elected him for the following term. He was an advocate of temper- ance laws, and a strong opponent of slavery. In March, 1850, he replied to Daniel Webster's speech in justification of the fugitive-slave law. He was the author of a " Disquisition on the Evils attend- ing the Use of Tobacco" (1833), and "Lectures on the Mode and Subjects of Baptism " (1835). His " History of Fall River, with notices of Freeborn and Tiverton," was reptiblished in 1802 (Fall River).

FOWLER, Orson Sqnire, phrenologist, b. in Cohocton, Steuben co., N. Y., 11 Oct., 1809; d. near Sharon Station, Conn., 18 Aug., 1887. He was graduated at Amherst in 1834. In 1835 he and his brother Lorenzo opened an office in New York. In 1830 they wrote and published " Phrenology Proved, Illustrated, and Applied." In October, 1838, he issued in Philadelphia the first number of the " American Phrenological Journal," which was published in that city till 1842, when it was removed to New York, and continued by the firm of 0. S. and L. N. Fowler, whieli became Fowlers & Wells in 1844. and, by the retirement of the Fowlers, S. R. Wells in 1863. Besides his labors as an editor and a prolific author, Mr. Fowler lectured on his specialty and allied subjects in the United States and Canada for many years. In 1863 he removed to Boston, Mass., and in 1875 to Manchester, Mass. Among his many volumes on phrenology and kindred subjects are " Memory and Intellectual Improvement " (Philadelphia, 1841) ; " Physiology, Animal and Mental " (1842) ; " Matrimony, or Phrenology applied to the Selection of Companions " (1842) ; " Self-Culture and Perfection of Character " (1843) ; " Hereditary Descent, its Laws and Facts applied to Human Improvement " (1843) ; " Love and Parentage " (1844) ; " The Self-Instructor in Phrenology and Physiology," with his brother (1849) ; " Sexual Science " (Philadelphia, 1870) ; " Amativeness " ; " Human Science " ; and