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478 his first book. Many of his articles also ap- peared in the " Atlantic Monthly." From 1844 till 1848 he was employed in the Boston custom- house. In 1850 he removed to Cambridge, Mass., where he afterward re- sided. He was the au- thor of " Studies in the Field and For- est" (Boston, 1857); " Woods and By- Wavs of New Eng- land " (1872) ; and " Birds and Seasons of JSIew England " (1875). He also edited •• Mount Auburn, its Scenes, its Beauties, and its Lessons." Most of the matter con- tained in the three volumes first men- tioned has been repub- lished, with some new material, under the title " Halcyon Days," " A Year with the Trees," and " A Year with the Birds " (3 vols., Boston, 1881). — His son, Isaac, educator, b. in Beverly, Mass., 7 Sept., 1848, was a student at Phillips An- dover academy, and graduated at Harvard in 1864. After serving as tutor in Greek at Harvard from 1865 till 1869, he studied in the universities of Berlin and Gottingen during 1870-'l. He has since been professor of Greek at Cornell imiver- sity, and has edited " The Hellenic Orations of Demosthenes" (Boston, 1864) and "The Seven Against Thebes of yEschylus " (Boston, 1885).

FLANAGHAN, James Winright, lawyer, b. in Gordonsville, Va., 5 Sept., 1805. In 1814 his parents removed to Kentucky, where he received a limited education, engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was a justice of the peace for twelve years. He was a member of the circuit court of Breckin- ridge county from 1833 till 1843, when he removed to Harrison county, Kentucky, and after spending one year settled in Henderson, Rusk co., Texas, where he was the first to sell merchandise. He also became interested in cotton-planting. He was a member of the state house of representatives in 1851-'2, and of the state senate in 1855-'6. In 1857 he was a presidential elector, and a delegate to the peace congress of 1861. He was a member of the State constitutional conventions of 1866 and 1868. In 1869 he was elected to congress for the state at large, and in that year he also held the office of lieutenant-governor. He was elected to the U. S. senate as a Republican, serving from 1870 till 1875, and was a member of the committees on mines and mining, and post-offices, and chairman of the committee on education and labor. After his service he retired to his farm near Longview, Texas, and occasionally appears in court, notwith- standing his advanced age. He was an " old-line Whig " before he united with the Republican party. — His son, Webster, politician, b. in Cloverport, Breckenridge co., Ky., 9 Jan., 1832, was admitted to the bar in 1851, and became interested in poli- tics, holding important local offices. At the begin- ning of the civil war he was commissioned briga- dier-general of volunteers in the Confederate ser- vice. In 1865 he was appointed judge of the 5th judicial district of Texas. He was elected to the State constitutional convention in 1869, and two years afterward became lieutenant-governor of the state. He was chairman of the delegation to the Republican convention which met in Philadelphia in 1873, and served as member of the Texas senate till 1875, when he represented his district in an- other constitutional convention, thus assisting in the formation and adoption of two state constitu- tions. In 1880 he was a Texas member of the " Grant guard " at the Chicago convention. The civil service was brought under discussion, and when Mr. Barker, from Massachusetts, declared that certain ones had an " eye to the offices," Mr. Flanaghan denounced the resolution, and asked, "What are we here forf " which question was re- ceived with great applause, and brought him j)rom- inently into notice for the time. In 1884 he was a member of the Chicago convention, and supported Gen. Arthur, who appointed him collector of inter- nal revenue for the 4th district of Texas in 1884, which office he held one year. Since then he has devoted himself to his stock farm, and has intro- duced fine horses and Jersey cattle into the state. From 1876 till 1880 he was president of the Hen- derson and Overton railroad.

FLANDERS, Benjamin Franklin, lawyer, b, in Bristol, N. H., 26 Jan., 1816; d. near New Or- leans, La., 13 March, 1896. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1842, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of New Orleans, at the same time devoting much of his time to teaching in the pxiblic schools of the city, of which he was for several years the principal, being finally chosen superintendent in the 3d municipality, an office which he declined. He was part proprietor and one of the editors of the New Orleans " Tropic," a short-lived newspaper. In 1862 he was compelled to leave New Orleans for the north because of his devotion to the Union, but on the capture of that city he returned, and in the same year the Federal military authorities made him treasurer of New Orleans. This office he resigned in a few months, having been elected a representative to congress, as a Unionist, taking his seat within a fortnight of its final adjourn- ment, in March, 1863. In that year Sec. Chase appointed him supervising special agent of the treasury department for Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, which place he resigned in 1866. In June, 1867, Gen. Philip II. Sheridan created him military governor of Louisiana, superseding J. Madison Wells, an office which he assumed with- out inauguration ceremonies, and resigned in six months. By the choice of Gov. Warinoth, he was made mayor in May, 1870, and in November fol- lowing was elected for two years. In 1873 Gen. Grant appointed him U. S. assistant treasurer in New Orleans, and this office he held until 1885.

FLANDERS, Henry, lawyer, b. in Plainfield, Sullivan co., N. H., 13 "Feb.. 1826. He was edu- cated at Kimball academy and at the seminary in Newbury, Vt. He studied law, chiefiy with his father, Charles Flanders, who was graduated at Harvard in 1808, and a well-known member of the New Hampshire bar. In 1850 he settled in Phila- delphia, where he has since practised. He is the author of a " Treatise on Maritime Law " (Boston, 1852): a " Treatise on the Law of Shipping" (Phila- delphia, 1853) ; " Chief Justices of the United States Supreme Court " (1855-8) ; " Memoirs of Cumber- land " (1856) ; " An Exposition of the Constitution of the United States " (1860) ; and a " Treatise on the Principles of Insurance " (1871).

FLANDRAU, Thomas Macomb, physician, b. in New York, 8 July, 1826. His youth was spent in Georgetown. D. C. He studied under George J. Abbott in Washington, and was graduated at the National medical college in Washington in 1848. After practising in Georgetown, he settled in Rome, N. Y., in 1853, making specialties of sur-