Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/46

26 Long Island, and was the fourth missionary em- ployed among them by the New York missionary society, preaching there thirteen years.

CUFFEE, Paul, philanthropist, b. on one of the Elizabeth isles, near New Bedford, Mass., in 1759; d. 7 Sept., 1818. His father was a negro, born in Africa, who had been a slave, and his mother an Indian. He followed a seafaring life, became owner of a vessel, which he manned en- tirely with negroes, and acquired a large fortune. He was an influential member of the Society of Friends. In his later years he interested himself in the scheme of colonizing American freedmen on the western coast of Africa, corresiionded with friends of the enterprise in England and Africa, visited the colony in his own ship in 1811 to study its advantages, and in 1815 carried out thirty-eight colored emigrants and provided means for estab- lishing them in Africa. He applied to the British government for leave to land other companies of colored people in Sierra Leone, but died before the permission came.

CUICUITZCATZÍN (l^wee-kweets-cah-tseen'), twelfth king of Texcoco, crowned in 1520. He was a brother of Cacamatzin, or Caminatzin, who, hav- ing determined to make war against the Spaniards, would not listen to the entreaties of envoys sent by Cortes. Subsequently the conqueror managed to have him dethroned by Moctezuma, and replaced by Cuicuitzcatzin, but this king ruled his nation only three or four months, as Coanacatzin succeeded him in 1521. After serious trouble with the Spaniards, he was imprisoned and taken to Tlascala, and escaped thence to Texcoco, where his brother Coanacatzin ruled. But the latter, think- ing him to be a spy for the Spaniards, ordered his immediate execution.

CUIENTUR (kwee-en'-toor), Araucanian cacique of the province of Nancu, Chili, b. there in 1578 ; d. in 1627. He entered the Araucanian army as a pri- vate, and was gradually raised to the rank of a gener- al after rendering great services to the Araucanians. In 1618 he succeeded Loncotegna in the command of their army, and one of his first operations was to defeat a Spanish detachment and take possession of their 400 horses. In the following year he routed the Spaniards under the mayor of Chilian (who was killed) near that city, and afterward pillaged the whole province. He then attacked the town of San Felipe de Austria, ransacked other neigboring towns, and finally took up a position in the Cangrejeras Pass, to oppose the Spanish troops. Commander Rebolledo first defeated him, but in a second battle was utterly routed by Cuientur. This Araucanian chief captured Neculguenu and killed every man of its garrison. He continued his op- erations till 1625, when, being tired of warfare, he resigned his command and retired to his own lands for the rest of his life. He used to call himself the eldest son of Fortune.

CUILLAMACHU (kweel-yah-mah'-tchu), Arau- canian soldier, b. in the Uthanmapu valley, Chili, in 1534 ; d. in December, 1603. He was cacique of Uthanmapu, and while very young joined, with the warriors of his tribe, the rest of the Araucanian army. Having taken part in many battles against the Spaniards, he was given the supreme command in 1593, and organized a large army at Lumaco. Two years later he attacked and took Fort Jesus, and then spread his forces about the districts near the Spanish settlements in 1594, causing them great troubles. In 1597 he took the important fortresses of Puren and Lumaco, and on 22 Nov., 1598, surprised in an ambuscade the governor of Chili, Loyola (a nephew of the founder of the Jesuit order), who was crossing the Curalava val- ley with his family, sixty officers, and three priests, the whole party perishing after a desperate resist- ance. Cuillamachu immediately ordered that not only all the Araucanians, but the Cuncos and Guilliches also, rise in arms to kill every Spaniard or Creole found outside of the fortified cities or towns ; and during the year he closely invested the cities of Osorno, Valdivia, Villarrica, Imperial, Canete, Angol, and Coya, as well as the fortress of Araueo. In the mean time he crossed Biobio river, burned the cities of Concepcion and Chilian, pillaged every populated place in those provinces, and re- turned to his quarters with a large booty. The royal ti'oops under Gen. Quinones had "several undecisive encounters in 1599 with the Araucani- ans along the banks of the Biobio, especially at Yumbel, where 2,000 Indians under the cacique made a determined resistance against 2,000 Spanish soldiers. On 24 Nov., at daybreak, lie crossed Callavalla river, at the head of 4,000 men, surprised the city of Valdivia, and obtained plunder valued at nearly two million dollars. He then set fire to the buildings, killed many of the people, attacked the ships in the harbor, and returned to his quar- ters, near the Biobio, with all the Spanish artillery and war material, and over 400 prisoners. In 1600 a Dutch expedition tried to land at Valdivia ; but the cacique at once attacked and drove it away. In 1602 the Indian chieftain took possession of the city of Villarrica, which had been closely besieged for nearly three years, and the cities of Osorno and Imperial also surrendered to him in 1603. Cuilla- machu was the most famous of the Araucanian generals, and the only one that succeeded in re- establishing independence in his country after it was conquered by the Spaniards. In his long ca- reer as a warrior he was wounded forty-four times. On one occasion the governor of Chili invited him to negotiate for peace ; but he answered that he would never submit to a foreign power while a drop of blood remained in the veins of his warriors.

CUILLAVILU II (kweel-yah-ve-loo'), cacique of the Araucanian Indians called Puelches, b. in the Yumbel district. Chili, in 1580 ; d. 3 Oct., 1612. He was noted for his bravery, gave continual trouble to the Spanish authorities, and fought many battles against Merlo, the governor of Chili, and against his successor, Juan Jaraquemada. In 1612 Cuillavilu received a letter from the king of Spain, Philip HI., suggesting an arrangement for peace and establishment of the Christian religion ; but he paid little attention to it, thinking it was intended to delude him and prepare his ruin, and at once directed new operations, but not long after- ward was killed in a battle near Chilian.

CUITLAHUATZIN, or CUITLAHUATL (kweet-lah-wah-tseen'), tenth Mexican or Aztec king (twelfth king, according to other chroniclers), b. in 1490 ; d. 12 Oct., 1520. Being one of the sons of Axayacatl, he was also the lord of Tztapalapan and a general of the Mexican army, when elected king upon the death of his brother, Moctezuma II. His rank of generalissimo was won in the battles of Atlixco, Mixtecapan, and Tehuantepec. While ruling at Tztapalapan, he improved and enlarged that city by means of important public works. Before and after the occupation of the city of Mexico by the Spaniards he advocated a policy of resistance to the invaders, advised other native princes to oppose any advance made by Cortes, and also sent ambassadors to Tlaxcala to ask aid from that republic. But he was unsuccessful in this attempt, after having caused Cortes the defeat and subsequent troubles that gave rise to the events of