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404 jewellers and engravers in Albany, and in 1810 set- tled in Philadelphia as one of a firm of bank-note engravers. In the war of 1812 he entered the army as captain, and rose to a colonelcy. In 1819 he be- came a partner with Jacob Perkins, and went to England, where he resided and conducted the en- graving business for three years, and then returned to Philadelphia. He contributed much toward the elevation of the art of engraving in the United States.— His brother, David (1783-1815), and Rich- ard (1787-1821), were also engravers.

FALARDEAU, Antony Sebastian, artist, b. in St. Ambrose, near Quebec, Canada, 13 Aug., 1822. He manifested from his childhood a strong love for art, but it met with no encouragement from his father, who took him from school when twelve years old and set him to work on a farm. When he was fourteen years old he ran away to Quebec, where he endured hardships of every kind, and was for several years a servant. He still contin- ued to draw and paint during his hours of leisure, and after he had succeeded in obtaining employ- ment as 'clerk in a mercantile house he was en- abled to take lessons, and some of his pictures begjin to attract attention. He wished to continue his studies in Europe, so he sold his pictures for $160, and, with some help from his patrons, set out for Montreal in the summer of 1846. Lord Cathcart, the governor-general, received him kindly, and furnished him with a letter of reconnnendation that was afterward of great value to him. He finally reached Florence, and, after many disap- pointments, was admitted to the Academy of fine arts. During the Revolution of 1848 he refused to enter the civic guard of tlie fine arts, and was obliged to leave the academy, but re-entered it after the battle of Novara. From this time he worked hard, but led a life of great poverty until 1850, when an American gentleman purchased some of his pictures. He then studied in the prin- cipal Italian cities, and in 1857, when he was in Parma, won a prize tliat had been offered for the best copy of the Saint Jerome of Correggio, excit- ing much enthusiasm by his work. He was chosen an honorary member of the Academy of the fine arts, and afterward presented the picture to the grand duke, who created him knight of the order of Saint Louis. After this he had orders for pict- ures from the empress dowager of Russia and other persons of rank. In April, 1862, he visited Canada, where he was received with enthusiasm. His pict- ures are considered by art critics to be distin- guished for finish and elegance rather than vigor.

FALCONER, John M., artist, b. in Edinburgh, Scotland, 22 May, 1820. He was educated at the high school in Edinburgh, and came to the United States at the age of sixteen. He studied art in the National academy of design, and with the Society of painters in water-colors in New York city, in the Graham art school and that of the Art associa- tion of Brooklyn, and in the Louvre at Paris. He became a member of the New York art reunion and New York sketch union in 1847, was a member of the Society of painters in water-colors, and ex- hibited in their collection in the Crystal Palace, New York, in 1854. He became an honorary mem- ber of the National academy of design in 1856, of the Artists" fund society in 1861, of the American water-color society in 1872, of the New York etching club in 1879, and fellow of the Painters' and etchers' society of Ijondon, England, in 1882. He proposed the first exhibition of engravings in the United States, which was successfully held in Brooklyn in 1864, as part of the art department of the U. S. sanitary fair, and organized the first chronological exhibition of American art in the United States, which was held at the opening of the galleries of the Brooklyn art association in 1872, and the first exhibition of water-color paint- ings by the Artists' fund society of New York, out of which grew the present American water-color society. He has made numerous paintings in oil of American "and European subjects, including " Kenilworth Castle," " House where the Declara- tion of Independence was Written," and " Robert Fulton's House in Philadelphia." In water-colors he produced the " William Penn Mansion," ex- hibited, with others of his works, by the American water-color society at the Centennial exhibition in 1876, and a series of "Historic Houses" in enamel on porcelain, now in the possession of the Long Island historical society. He has also restored many oil-paintings, and etched on copper fifty plates from his own works, and twenty from those of other artists. He wrote a "Sketch of the His- tory of Water-Color Painting " for the Society of painters in water-colors (1852), and has compiled the " Catalogue Raisonnee of the Chronological Exhibition of American Art " (Brooklyn, 1872).

FALES, Almira L., philanthropist, b. in New York; d. in Washington, D. C., 8 Nov., 1868. She was for some time a resident of Iowa, but her husband, Joseph T. Fales, having received an appointment as examiner in the patent-office in Washington, she thenceforth made that city her home. As early as 1860, from her extended knowledge of southern feeling and action, she foresaw and predicted the approaching struggle, and, much to the surprise of her friends, began the collection and preparation of articles for hospital use. At the beginning of the war she entered, fully prepared, on the care of sick and wounded soldiers, and at Pittsburg Landing and other battle-fields of the west was busy in ministering to the wants of the sufferers. The government placed an ambulance at her command, and during the war she was unremitting in her visits to the hospitals in the neighborhood of Washington, at Fredericksburg, on the Peninsula, and elsewhere. In the yard of her own house she pitched a large tent, into which she gathered sick and disabled soldiers, and there ministered to their needs until means could be provided to send them to their homes. For some time Mrs. Fales was charged by the government with the superintendence of soldiers sent from the hospitals in and around Washington to the hospitals in New York and elsewhere. Amid all this activity she found time to correspond extensively and obtain pecuniary aid to carry on her work.

FALKNER, Thomas, clergyman, b. in Manchester, Eng., 6 Oct., 1707; d. in Plowdenhall, Salopshire, England, 30 Jan., 1784. He studied under his father, who was a distinguished surgeon in Manchester, and afterward attended the hospitals in London. He went as a surgeon on board of a ship, visiting Guinea, and then proceeded to Cadiz, where he re-embarked in 1731 for Buenos Ayres, and during an illness there was nursed so devotedly by the Jesuits, that on his recovery he determined to join the order. He entered one of their colleges, and was sent in 1734 to evangelize the vast territory comprised in the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, and the country south of the Rio de la Plata. He had extraordinary success in his missionary labors, which was largely due to his ability in curing the sick, his dexterity in surgical operations, and his knowledge of mechanics. During forty years he lived at different stations on the Chaco, the Paraguay, the Tucuman, and on the Pampas. The station of St. George