Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/419

Rh 1883, was educated in his native town, at a Domin- ican college, and at the L'niversity of Virginia. At tlie Ijeginning of the civil war he received a com- mission in the regular army as captain of the 18th infantry, and also served for some time on the staff of his brother-in-law. Gen. William T. Sherman. He was brevetted major in 1863 for gallantry in the first assault at Vicksburg, where he was wounded while planting the flag of Ms battalion on the parapet. He was also brevetted lieutenant-colonel in 1804 for services in the Atlanta campaign, and colonel in 1865 for gallant conduct during the war. On 8 March, 1865, he was appointed brigadier- general of volunteers. He resigned his commission in 1867, and practised law successfully in. Wash- ington, D. C, during the remainder of his life.

EWING, William Bellford, physician, b. in Greenwich, N. J., in 1776; d. there, 23 April, 1866. He was graduated at Princeton in 1704, studied medicine at Trenton under Dr. Nicholas Bellville, and began to practise his profession in the island of St. Croix, where he continued for two years. He then settled in Greenwich, where he practised for twenty-eight years. For many years he was presiding judge of the county courts, for ten years a member of the legislature, and a member of the New Jersey constitutional convention of 1841. In 1823 he was president of the New Jersey medical society, of which he was one of the oldest fellows.

EWING, William Lee Davidson, senator, b. in 1795 ; d. in Ohio. 25 March, 1846. He received an academic education, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began practice. He became re- ceiver of public moneys for the district of Vanda- lia in 1825, and in 1826-'7 was U. S. surveyor of public lands and general of state militia. He served as major of the " Spy battalion " in the Black-Hawk war in 1832, became a member of the state senate in that year, and was its speaker in lSo4. ailing as governor from 15 Nov. till 9 Dec. On 29 Due, 1835, he was chosen to the U. S. sen- ate to fill the vacancy caused bv the death of Elias K. Kane, and he served till 4 March, 1837. He was speaker of the state house of representatives in 1840, and in 1843 was chosen state auditor, which office he held until his death.

EXMOUTH, Edward Pellew, Viscount, Eng- lish naval officer, b. in Dover, England, 19 April, 1757; d. in Teignmouth. 23 Jan., 1833. He entered the navy in 1770, and joined the frigate '"Blonde," which sailed to the relief of Quebec. His first dis- tinction was gained in the battle of Lake Cham- plain, 11 Oct., 1776, against the flotilla of Arnold, whom he nearly made prisoner. In command of a body of seamen, he rendered great assistance to the army of Burgoyne in its difficult advance to Sara- toga, was sent to England with despatches, and promoted. He became post-captain in 1782, and from 1786 till 1789 was stationed off Newfound- land. In the war with France he commanded the frigate " Nymphe," of thirty-six guns, in 1793, and captured the French frigate " La Cleopatre," after a desperate battle. This was the first prize taken in the war, and Exmouth was knighted, and afterward employed to' blockade the coast of France. In 1796, by his bravery and presence of mind, he saved the lives of all on board a wrecked transport near Plymouth, and for this action he was made a baronet. He was elected to par- liament in 1802. He returned to the navy in 1804, was promoted rear-admiral, and made com- mander-in-chief in the East Indies, where he an- nihilated The Dutch fleet in 180l6. He became vice- admiral in 1808, was sent to command forces in the Mediterranean in 1810, and during this service con- cluded treaties with Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, for the abolition of Christian slavery. In 1814 he was created Baron Exmouth of Canonteign and admiral of the blue, and in 1816 was advanced to a viscounty for his gallantry in bombarding and destroying the fleet and arsenal of Algiers in that year. He was retired from active service in 1821.

EXPILLY, Jean Charles Marie, French author, b. in Salon, Bouches-du-Rhone, 8 Sept., 1814. He was a. relative of the famous geographer, Jean Joseph Expilly, received his education at the Lycee Charlemagne of Paris, was graduated in law at Aix, and afterward served his time in a regiment of lancers. Since 1840 he has devoted his time entirely to literary work. He went to South America in 1852 and remained till 1858, studying the country and the political and economical situation. After his return to Paris he resumed for sometime his work as a contributor to the prominent journals, but soon turned his attention entirely to political economy. His works on this subject soon gained him a reputation, and were the cause of his appointment in August, 1866, as commissary of emigi'atiiin in Havre, and in 1868 to the same place in Marseilles. He published " Le Bresil tel qu'il est " (1862) ; " Les femmes et les meurs du Bresil " (1863) ; " Du mouvement d'emigration dans le port de Marseille " (1864) ; " La Traite, I'emigration et la colonisation au Bresil " (1865) ; " La verite sur le eonflit entre Le Bresil, Buenos Ayres, Montevideo et le Paraguay devant la civilization " (1865) ; " L'ouverture de I'Amazone, ses consequences poli- tiques et commerciales" (1867); "La politique du Paraguay" (1869); and several novels, including " L'epee de Damocles " (1843) ; " Grande dame et lorette" (1854); "Les filles de Mahomet" (1854); " Le pirate noir" (1858); "La Cabra d"or" (1864); and " Les aventures du capitaine Cayol " (1866).

EYMA, Louis Xavier, French author, b. in St. Pierre, Martinique, West Indies, 16 Oct., 1816; d. in Paris, 29 March, 1876. When nineteen he was appointed in the navy department in Paris, where he remained eleven years, and in 1840 he was sent by the government on missions to the West Indies and the United States. After his return in 1848 he published interesting reports about the primary instruction and the general school system of the countries which he had visited. Soon after- ward he travelled for a second time through the United States, and spent several years in studying the institutions and natural features of the country. He recorded his observations in several works pub- lished after his return, of which the best known are " Les femmes du nouveau monde " (1853) ; " Les deux Ameriques " (1853) ; " Les peaux rouges " (1854); "Les peaux noires " (1856); "La Repub- lique Americaine ; ses institutions ; ses hommes " (2 vols.. 1861)'; " Les trente quatre etoiles de I'union Americaine " (2 vols.. 1862) ; and " La Chasse a I'es- clave " (1866). He also published an " Introduction a une politique generale " (1842) ; and many novels.

EYRE, Edward John, British diplomatist, b. in England in August. 1815. Failing to secure a commission in the army, he went to Australia in 1833, where he engaged in sheep-farming, was appointed magistrate of his district and protector of the aborigines, and became distinguished as an explorer. After serving for some time as governor of New Zealand, he was appointed lieutenant-governor of the island of St. Vincent in 1854, and in 1859-'6!Qt was in the island of Antigua, acting as administrator of the Leeward islands during the absence of the governor. In 1860 he returned to England to recruit his health, which had become impaired by long residence in tropical climates.