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378 ESTEVEZ Y UGARTE, Pedro Agustin (es- ta'-veth), Mexican R. C. bishop, b. in Orotava, Ca- nary Islands, 5 March, 17r)4; d. in Merida, Mexico, 8 May, 1827. He studied theology, philosophy, and literature in a Franciscan convent in his native island, and then entered the College of San Bar- tolome and Santiago de Granada, where he won a fellowship in jurisprudence for nine years. Shortly afterward he became rector of the college, and pro- fessor in the University of Granada. On 15 July, 1775, he received the degree of doctor in canonical law. In 1770 he was ordained as a priest, and be- came noted for the eloquence of his sermons. For some time he was regent of the seminary of Zamo- ra, and on 27 July, 1796, was appointed by Charles IV. bishop of Yucatan, Mexico. He arrived at Gampeche in May, 1802, and immediately set about remodelling the plan of studies in the seminary, in- creasing its faculty and founding the chairs of Greek and canonical law. When Mexico became independent he accepted the result of the contest unhesitatingly, and, without mixing in politics, preached peace, union, and Christian fraternity. He was the founder of the University of Yucatan, which was finished in 1824.

ESTORGE, Joseph Leonard, physician, b. in Opelousas, La., in 18:]0 ; d. there. 21 Aug., 1880. He studied at the royal college ml Cahors, Prance, where he was a classmate of Gambetta. After re- ceiving the degree of M. D., he was pursuing scien- tific studies in Paris, when the civil war in the United States recalled him to this country. He was appointed a surgeon in the Confederate army in the trans-Mississippi department, but was made a prisoner at Port de Russey. After the war he practised his profession in St. Landry, and endeared himself to the people by his skill and devotion dur- ing the epidemic of 1878.

ESTRADA, Bartolome Ruiz de, Spanish pilot, lived in the early part of the Kith century. He ac- companied Francisco Becerra in the first voyage of exploration he made, by order of Pedrarias Davila. Sailing from Darien with 150 men, he explored the Pacific coast, visited the river Peru, and at the end of six months returned with an immense quantity of gold and pearls. It is also said that it was he who conducted Pizarro and Almagro to the empire of the Inca Atahualpa, which they called Peru, after the river of that name.

ESTRADA, Jose Dolores (es-trah'-dah), Nica- raguan general, b. in Matagalpa in 1787; d. near Granada, 12 Aug., 18G9. Up to his sixty-fourth year he lived quietly in the country, occupied in the cultivation of his estate, but in the civil war of 1851 offered his services to the conservative leader, Fruto Chamorro, and enlisted under the same chief against the democrats in the revolution of 1853. He participated in the nine months' defence of the city of Granada, and was wounded in the battle of 5 Aug., 1854 ; but notwithstanding, wlien the enemy raised the siege, Estrada, as second in command, remained for twenty-four hours in the saddle in the pursuit of the retiring army. When the re- public was invaded by Walker and his followers in June, 1855 (see Walker, William), Estrada did his best in the defence of his country, and after the capture of Granada, 15 Oct., 1855, he retired with a few followers to the northern department of Chinandega, and continued, with Generals Martinez and Fernando Chamorro, to oppose the forces un- der Walker's command. After Walker had caused liinisclf to be elected president in June, 1856, and declared war on the rest of the Central American republics, Estrada marched with his little army to join the Costa Ricans, but was intercepted by Walk- er's forces, and intrenched himself in a favorable position in San Jacinto. Early in the morning of 14 Sept., 1856, his position was stormed by the ene- my, who attacked in three columns, and one of his redoubts was taken. After many hours of fierce fighting, Estrada saw that his forces would soon be surrounded, and made a desperate sally at the head of his troops, throwing the enemy into such confusion that they fled, and were pursued as far as Tipitapa. After Walker had been driven from the country, Estrada left the army, and although, on the second invasion of Nicaragua by Walker, in November, 1857, he offered his services again, he refused all honors and offices, and took part in the electoral campaign of 1863 only to avoid the uncon- stitutional re-election of the last president. When the revolution of 1869 began, Estrada, although eighty-two years old, was appointed commander- in-chief of the army, and defeated the revolution- ists in several encounters, but, a few days before the final pacification, he died in consequence of the fatigue that he had undergone. The congress of 1870 ordered a marble monument to be erected on his grave with the inscription " Al general Estrada, veneedor de San Jacinto, el 14 de Setiembre 1866, la ]iatria agradecida."

ETHERIDGE, Emerson, statesman, b. in Car- rituck county, N. C, 28 Sept., 1819. When thir- teen years of age he removed to Tennessee, received a public-school education, studied law, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1840. He was a member of the legislature in 1845-'7, and a candidate for speak- • er, and was then chosen to congress as a Whig, and re-elected as an American, serving from 1853 till 1857. He was the defeated American candidate for the next congress, but was successful in 1858, and served again in 1859-'61, in which session he was chairman of the committee on Indian affairs. He was then elected clerk of the house of repre- sentatives, and served from 4 July, 1861, to 8 Dec, 1863. On his return to Tennessee he devoted him- self to the practice of his profession and the study of philosophy, served in the Tennessee senate in 1869-'70, and was twice nominated for the gov- ernorship of his state, being defeated once and de- clining the second nomination. He was the last Whig that served in congress. He is the author of "Speeches in Congress " (Washington, 1857).

ETTWEIN, John, Moravian bishop, b. in Tren- denstadt, Wiirtemberg, 29 June, 1721 ; died in Bethlehem. Pa.. 2 Jan.. 1802. In 1754 he came to the American colo- nies, where he la- bored for nearly half a century as an evangelist, as a pastor, and finally as a bishop of the Moravian church. He was conseci'atcd to the episcopacv on 25 June, 1784. In 1801, owing to the infii'mities of old age, he retired from active service. Few men of the last century displayed greater zeal in spreading the gospel through the country of his adoption. He studied the language of the Delaware Indians, prepared a small dictionary and phrase-book thereof, and in 1788 gave an account of their language and traditions, including a vocabulary, since pub-