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Rh was the author of '' Sobre el trabajo de minas, bene- ficio de inetales y medios de fomentarlos," "In- struccion de Revistas," " Para la aprobacion de matriculas y cobranza de tributes," and " Sobre los antiguos repartimientos de los corregidores y arbi- trios para soeorrer a los indios sin aquel gravamen.'" Besides these, which were all published in Lima in 1774, Escobedo wrote memoirs on the government of Peru, which were afterward published in Madrid.

ESCUDERO, Jose A. (es-koo-day'-ro), Mexican jurist, b. at Parral de Hidalgo, 22 June, 1801 ; d. in Chihuahua, 3 May, 1802. He received his educa- tion in his native town, and in 1825 was appointed chief clerk of the secretary of state of Chihuahua. He afterward became supernumerary member of the supreme court, and magistrate of the same body. After receiving his degree at Guanajuato, he was admitted to the bar in the city of Mexico, and was appointed judge for the district of Chihua- hua, which office he held for ten years. He repre- sented his native city in five state legislatures, was twice elected to congress, and was afterward prose- cutor to the supreme military court. Escudero was a member of congress in 1847, a year of severe trials for Mexico, and he distinguished himself by his patriotism. He was the author of some eco- nomic studies on the general history of various states of Mexico. His principal works are " Con- ducta del jefe politico de Chihuahua " ; " Manual del Cultivador"; " Manual del Vifiador " ; "Orde- nanzas de tierras y aguas " ; and '' Recopilacion de los decretos y ordenes del rey D. Fernando VII."

ESGLIS, Louis Philippe Mariaucheau d', Canadian R. C. bishop, b. in Canada, 5 April, 1710 ; d. in L'lle d'Orleans, Canada, 4 June, 1788. His name was submitted to the court of Rome by the Canadian government as its choice for coadjutor bishop of Quebec in 1770. He had been previous- ly parish priest of L'lle d'Orleans for seventeen years. He was a man of weak intellect and timid character, and it was supposed by the Canadian clergy that the object of the governor-general in selecting him for the office was to weaken the church. Their resistance, however, and that of the titular bishop, Briand, was feeble. He was consecrated in 1772 under the title of bishop of Dorylea in partibus. Immediately after his conse- cration he was sent back to his parish by Bishop Briand, who refused to admit him to any share in the government of the diocese. But in 1774, at the request of the governor-general, he recognized him as coadjutor of Quebec, and assigned him a revenue suitable to his rank. In 1784 the resig- nation of his predecessor made him bishop of Quebec. The priests of his diocese, who were per- suaded of his unfitness for the office, asked him to name a coadjutor, which he did, and then retired to the presbytery of Saint Peter in L'lle d'Orleans, where he resided until his death.

ESHLEMAN, Isaac Stauffer, physician, b. in Lancaster county. Pa., 22 May, 1820. He was graduated at Jefferson college, Philadelphia, in 1851, and began practice at once in that city. He claims to be among the first to use stimulants in pneumonia, and also to have proved that blisters are not revellents, but stimulants. He found that cerebro-spinal meningitis yielded to free depletion if made use of early in the stage, and followed by chloroform taken internally. This experience pre- pared him for the use of chloral, which he has suc- cessfully prescribed in every form of convulsion. In 1860 he used with success a narrow-blade for- ceps for rigid os uteri, having failed with the usual remedies, and without an unpleasant symptom the delivery took place. He claims that fractures which involve the joints where the callus is washed by synovial fluids are capable of forming good bony union if well adjusted and kept in apposition for a much longer period than usual. Dr. Eshleman is the author of papers showing originality of jorac- tiee in placenta previa. Of this, Dr. Davis, of Wilkes- barre, in an address said : " Dr. Eshleman has opened a new era in the treatment of placenta previa." He is vice-president of the Philadelphia county medical society, member of the Northern medical society, and president of the Medico- chirurgical society of Philadelphia.

ESLABA, Sebastian (es-lah'-bah), Spanish soldier, b. in Eguiller, Spain, in February, 1698 ; d. in Madrid in January, 1759. In 1728 he served with distinction as captain of the Spanish guards, and as colonel of the regiments of " Asturias " and "Castilla" he took part in nearly all the battles of the second reign of Philip V., reaching the rank of lieutenant general in 1788. At the beginning of the war between England and Spain in 1740, Eslaba was appointed viceroy of New Granada, and immediately after his arrival set to work to repair the old fortifications of Carthagena and Portobello, and to build new ones. Early in Novem- ber the most powerful British fleet that had ever been sent to South America appeared before Car- thagena, under command of Sir Edward Vernon, and on 5 Nov. the bombardment began. Notwith- standing that Sir Edward made continuous attacks by land and sea on Carthagena during the pro- longed siege, the splendid fortiflcations withstood the bombardment, and repeated assaidts were re- pulsed by Eslnl)a, till, in May, 1741, the British were forced to raise tlie siege with the loss of seventeen ships. As a rec<)m[iense for his services, Eslaba was promoted captain-general of the army, and in 1748 was made viceroy of Peru, but did not go to flll this place, as he was called to Spain early in 1744 to become minister of war, and held the office for several years. The splendid fortifications of Car- thagena, built imder his personal inspection, exist to this day nearly intact. After his death, in 1760, Charles III., in memory of his brilliant defence of Carthagena, raised his son. Col. Caspar Eslaba, to the peerage of Castilla, under the title of " Marquis of the Royal Defence."

ESLING, Catherine Harbeson, poet, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 12 April, 1812. She contributed to the press for many years under her maiden name of Waterman, and in 1840 married George J. Eslirig, a captain in the mercantile marine, with whom she lived in Rio de Janeiro for four years before his death. She has published '• The Broken Bracelet, and other Poems " (Philadelphia, 1850).

ESLING, Charles Henry Augustine, author, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1845. He was educated in St. Joseph's college, Philadelphia, and Georgetown college, D. C, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He was invited to act as representative of the Catholic laity of the United States at the Vatican on the celebration of the golden jubilee of Pius IX., in 18.77. and on his return was successful as a lect- urer. He has contributed articles to the " Catholic Record," and other magazines dealing with the re- ligious questions of the day, and has published the "Life of Saint Germaine Cousin, the Shepherdess of Pibrac " ; metrical translations from the hymns of the " Roman Missal and Breviary " ; and several poems, religious and secular, the longest being " The King's Ring, a Legend of Merrv England."

ESMENARD, Joseph Alphonse, "French poet, b. at .Pelissane, France, in 1709; d. near Fondi, Italy, in 1811. He travelled in the United States and the West Indies, 1788'-9, and during the Revo-