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Rh  in diseases of women. Toward this end he founded the St. Louis school of midwives, the St. Louis lying-in hospital, and the St. Louis polyclinic and post-graduate school of medicine, holding the chair of gynecology and obstetrics in the latter institution. He is a member of medical and scientific societies, was one of the founders of the American gynecological society, being its vice-president in 1886, of the St. Louis obstetric and gynecological society, of which he was vice-president in 1887, and also of the St. Louis medico-chirurgical society. Dr. Engelmann has been active in archeology, having opened mounds and collected specimens in southern Missouri, he has a valuable museum of the material which he has gathered, and has exchanged specimens with museums in Berlin and Vienna, and with the Peabody in Cambridge, Mass., the Natural history in New York, and the National museum in Washington, D. C. Dr. Engelmann is the author of numerous papers contributed to medical journals in his specialty, some of which have been translated into French and German.

ENGLAND, John, R. C. bishop, b. in Cork, L'eland, 23 Sept., 1786 ; d. in Charleston, S. C, 11 April, 1843. He was educated in the schools of Cork, and studied law for two years, but in 1803 entered the theological college of Carlow. Here his progress in his studies was so brilliant that after his second year he was selected to deliver public lectures on religious subjects. He also de- voted much of the time given him for recreation to the instruction of the militia stationed in the town. He also founded an asylum for unprotected females which afterward suggested the plan of the Presen- tation convent, and established free schools for the education of poor boys. In 1808 he was recalled by his bishop and appointed president of the theo- logical seminary at Cork. He took a leading part in the agitation for Catholic emancipation, and, with the view of helping the cause of religious liberty, founded the " Chronicle," which he con- tinued to edit till his departure from Ireland. When the see of Charleston, embracing the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, was founded. Dr. England was nominated its first bishop. As he had determined to become an American citizen, he refused to take the oath of allegiance exacted from Irish bishops on their con- secration. After some difficulty he was consecrated in Cork in 1830, and arrived in Charleston the same year. Bishop England had many obstacles to contend with. There were only two priests and two churciies in the three states under his jurisdic- tion, and his flock was made up chiefly of poor Irish emigrants and refugees from Santo Domingo. In order to provide priests for his diocese he opened a classical school in Charleston, and the success that attended his efforts in this respect enabled him to support several of his ecclesiastical students. Not only did he succeed in training a body of educated missionaries for his church, but he largely con- tributed to the revival of classical learning in South Carolina. Several schools were reopened, and the College of Charleston, which had suspended for some time, resumed its studies. He infused new life into the Philosophical literary association of Charleston as soon as he became a member, and did much to suppress duelling, not by intemperate denunciations, but by forming the most influential gentlemen of the state into an anti-duelling asso- ciation. His address in reprobation of the prac- tice before this body is considered a masterpiece of argument and persuasion. He was invited by congress to preach in the hall of representatives at Washington, and was the first Catholic clergyman on whom this honor was conferred. To explain and defend the doctrines of his church he estab- lished the " United States Catholic Miscellany " at Charleston. It was through the columns of this periodical that most of Bishop England's writings found their way to the public. His influence was felt in every part of the Catholic church in this country, and his influence at Rome was decisive in all ecclesiastical affairs connected with the United States. His courses of lectures, which he delivered in all the great cities of the Union, were attended by citizens of every creed. Nothing, however, en- deared him to the people of Charleston so much as his heroism during the frequent visitations of the yellow fever, when he continued at his post night and day. In 1834 he visited Ireland and obtained the services of three nuns of the Ursuline order, by whose aid he established the Ursuline schools of Charleston. lie also founded orphan asylums, boarding-schools, and free schools, which he placed under the charge of Sisters of Our I^ady of Mercy. He conceived the plan of assembling the prelates in council for mutual aid, and has been styled " the author of our provincial councils." He visited Europe four times in the interests of his diocese, was sent twice as apostolic delegate from the pope to Hayti, and was offei-ed an Irish bishopric, which he declined. On his return from Europe in 1841 malignant dysentery broke out among the steerage passengers, and his attendance on them was incessant until he was attacked by the disease himself. He finally died from its effects, which were heightened by overwork, immediately after landing. Dr. England increased the number of churches in his diocese to seventeen, and left a numerous and well-organized clergy behind him. His principal works are " Discourse before tlie Hibernian Society of Savannah " (Charleston, 1834) ; " Explanation of the Construction, Furniture, and Ornaments of a Church " (Baltimore) ; " Letters on Slavery " ; and " Works," edited by Bishop Rey- nolds (5 vols., Baltimore, 1849).

ENGLAND, Sir Richard, British soldier, b, about 1750; d. 7 Nov., 1813. He was a resident of Clifford, County Clare, Ireland, served with distinc- tion in the American campaigns from 1775 till 1781, and was at one time commandant of Detroit. He was efficient in aiding the colonization of the extreme western portion of Upper Canada. — His son, Sir Richard, b. in Detroit, Mich., in 1793; d. 19 Jan., 1883, joined the British army, and in recognition of his services in the Crimean war was made a lieutenant-general in 1855.

ENGLE, Frederick, naval officer, b. in Dela- ware county, Pa., in 1799 ; d. in Philadelphia, 13 Feb., 1868. He entered the navy as a midshipman on 30 Nov., 1814, and became lieutenant on 13 Jan., 1835. During the Mexican war he command- ed the "Princeton" and served in the blockading squadron. He was promoted to captain in 1855, and at the beginning of the civil war was sent to China to bring home the "Hartford." He was then assigned to the command of the Philadelphia navy-yard, and subsequently became governor of the naval asylum in that city. He was promoted to be rear-admiral on the retired list, 35 July, 1866.

ENGLES, William Morrison, author, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 12 Oct.. 1797 ; d. 37 Nov., 1867. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1815, and studied theology with Dr. Samuel B. Wylie, receiving his licence to preach in 1818. After spending some time in missionary labors in Wyoming, he returned to Philadelphia in 1830, and was ordained pastor of the 7th Presbyterian