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18 to Farragut, for which he was brevetted major, and also brevetted major and lieutenant-colonel in the regular army for his services at Sabine Cross- Roads and Pleasant Hill. In August, 18(54, he was com- missioned colonel of the 7th New York hea\^ artil- lery, but declined the appointment, becoming as- sistant adjutant-genera] on the staff of Gen. Canby in the Department of the Gulf, and being after- ward transferred to Sheridan's staff. In 1866 he served in the campaigns of Sheridan and Custer against the Indians. He resigned in 1872, and was appointed consul to Florence, Italy, in 1876. He became governor of Montana on 4 Aug., 1882, took an active part in preventing the Yellowstone park from failing into the hands of a cattle syndicate, and in November, 1884, was appointed first assistant postmaster-general, but resigned 4 March, 1886.

CROSBY, Enoch, patriot, b. in Harwich, Mass., 4 Jan., 1750 ; d. in Brewsters, N. Y.. 26 June, 1885. He was supposed to be the original of " Harvey Birch " in Cooper's " Spy." In his infancy his par- ents removed to Southeast, Dutchess co., N. Y., and by a series of disasters were reduced to poverty. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a cord- wainer. At the beginning of the Revolutionary war he joined the Continentals, and served in the Lake Champlain campaign for several months, then became ill and was sent home. On his recov- ery he shouldered his musket and set out on foot for the American camp. On his journey an inci^ dent, of which he took advantage, revealed a deep- laid conspiracy, upon which he successfully studied and acted. The result was the prompt arrest of a band of tories, and his own appointment to a place in the Secret Service Department. He became a most successful worker, and by his shrewdness pre- vented various catastrophes to the patriot cause. After many hair-breadth escapes he finally joined the command of Lafayette, under whom he served till the end of the war, when he purchased a farm and devoted himself to agriculture for the rest of his life. The story of his secret-service life, which was thought to be incorporated in Cooper's " Spy " (though Cooper had never heard of him), was dramatized, and Mr. Crosby was on one occasion present at a representation of the play in New York city, and, as the hero, received the plaudits of the multitude. His narrative, taken from his own lips bv Capt. H. L. Barnum, was published under the title of " The Spy Unmasked " (New York. 1828).

CROSBY, Peirce, naval officer, b. near Chester. Delaware co.. Pa., 16 Jan., 1823. He was educated at a private school, and was appointed in 1888 mid- shipman from Pennsylvania. He sailed in 1842 on the frigate " Congress " to the Mediterranean, serv- ing on her six months, when he returned to the United States. In May, 1844, he was promoted to passed midshipman, and served on the coast survey in 1844-'6. He was six months on the " Decatur," in the gulf of Mexico during the Mexican war, par- ticipated in the attack and capture of Tuxpan and Tobasco, and then served a year on the '• Petrel." Peace being declared in 1848, he was transferred to other duties, and commissioned lieutenant, 3 Sept., 1858. At the beginning of the civil war Lieut. Crosby served in Chesapeake bay, keeping the com- munications open between Annapolis and Havre de Grace, was detailed, on the night prior to the battle of Big Bethel, to transport troops across Hampton creek, and also upon their return from their unsuc- cessful expedition. In the attack on Forts Hat- teras and Clark he commanded the " Fannie," a light-draught steamer, and superintended the land- ing of troops, until the surf swamped and broke his boats. He then took a ship's heavy launch and landed two more boat-loads of men ; but the sea became so heavy that the launch was dashed upon the shore and the crew hurled out. He succeeded in landing 300 men, but, on accoimt of the bad weather, the squadron stood off seaward, leaving him and his companions upon shore. Lieut. Cros- by put out a strong picket in front of the enemy's batteries, thus preventing their making a recon- noisance and ascertaining his weakness. On the following day the squadron returned and captured the forts. In the winter of 1861-'2 he took com- mand of the gun-boat " Pinola," and joined the Gulf s(|ua(lron under Farragut. On his way he captured tlie " Cora," loaded with cotton. On ar- riving at the mouth of the Mississippi, he co-oper- ated with the " Itasca " in breaking the chain bar- rier across the river below Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and participated in the capture of New Or- leans, and also at the passage and repassage of the batteries at Vicksl)urg. 30 .lune and 15 July. He was promoted to commander, 3 Sept., 1862, and ap- pointed fleet-captain of the North Atlantic squad- ron, and did good service in various expeditions. In the winter of 1863 he took command of the '• Florida," destroyed two blockade-runners at Ma- sonboro inlet, was transferred to the " Keystone State " in 1864, and captured five blockade-runners, causing many others to throw overboard their car- goes in order to escape. In 1864-'5 he was in com- mand of the " Metacomet," and planned and super- intended the removal, by the use of drag-nets, of 140 torpedoes which interfered with the approaches to Mobile, successfully clearing the track so that vessels passed up the river and forced the surren- der of the city. In 1865 he was transferred to the command of the " Shamokin," and sailed in her for the coast of Brazil, where he remained until 1868. On 27 May, 1868, while yet in Brazilian waters, he was promoted to a captaincy, and returned to the United States, becoming inspector of ordnance at Norfolk navy-yard. He was promoted to commo- dore, 8 Oct., 1874, made rear-admiral, 10 March, 1882, and assigned to the command of the Asiatic squadron. In 1883 he was placed on the retired list. He had been in active service more than forty- eight years, over twentv-three of which were at sea.

CROSBY, William George, lawyer, b. in Belfast, Me., in 1806 ; d. there in 1881. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1828, and studied and practised law in his native town. Gov. Crosby was one of the two whigs that held the office of governor, Edward Kent being the other. In 1853 the Maine law and the pro-slavery tendencies of the democracy lost that party the control of both branches of the legislature, which elected Mr. Crosby governor, and he was re-elected by the legislature in 1854. After the close of his term he took no active part in politics. During the civil war his sympathies were with the Union, but at its close he affiliated with Andrew Johnson and was a democratic candidate for congress, but was defeat- ed. He was prominent in promoting the public- school system of Maine. While in college he published a small volume of poems. He was a contributor to the " Token," a Boston annual, edited by N. P. Willis ; " The Legendary," which illustrated the scenes, romances, and legends of our own country ; and the " Bowdoin Poets," and was the author of " Poetical Illustrations of the Athenaeum Gallery."

CROSBY, William Otis, geologist, b. in Decatur, Ohio, 14 Jan., 1850. He was graduated at the Massachusetts institute of technology in 1876, where he was an assistant in 1876-'80, instructor in 1880-8, and assistant professor of