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342 ated at Amherst in 1865, and then spent two years at the University of Gottingen, receiving the de- gree of Ph. D. in 1869. On his return to the United States he became instructor in geology and zoology in Amherst, and in 1873 was appointed professor of these branches. Dr. Emerson is a member of several scientific societies at hortie and aliroad, and has contributed valuable geological papers to scientific journals.

EMERSON, Brown, clergyman, b. in Ashbv, Mass., 8 Jan., 1778 ; d. in Salem, Mass., 25 July, 1872. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1802, received the degree of D. D. from that college in 1835, and at his death was its oldest graduate. After studying theology in Hancock, N. H., he was ordained, on 14 April, 1805, as Dr. Daniel Hopkins's colleague in the pastorate of the old South church, Salem, where he remained till his death, a period of sixty-seven years, being sole pastor from 1816 till 1849. Dr. Emerson was an able and vigorous preacher, and published various sermons, addresses, and orations, including a sermon on the fiftieth anniversary of his ordination.

EMERSON, Charles Franklin, educator, b. in Chelmsford, Mass., 28 Sept., 1848. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1868, becoming at once instructor in gymnastics, and also instructor in mathematics in the agricultural department. In 1869 he became instructor in mathematics in the college proper, and in 1872 associate professor of natui-al philosophy, succeeding in 1878 to full pos- session of that chair. His work has consisted largely in the development of the physical labora- tory in Dartmouth, for which purpose he travelled extensively through Europe during 1883-'4. He is a fellow of the American association for the ad- vancement of science, and is an occasional con- tributor to scientific literature.

EMERSON, Charles Noble, lawyer, b. in WiU- iamstown, Mass., 6 Feb., 1821; d. in New York city, 15 April, 1869. He was graduated at Will- iams in 1840, studied law and was admitted to the bar there, and served in the civil war, advancing to the rank of major of volunteers. He delivered a poem before the alumni of Williams college in 1860. He was appointed assessor of internal revenue in Massachusetts in 1865, and published a " Hand- book of the Internal Revenue " (Springfield, 1868).

'''EMERSON. George Barrell''', educator, b. in Kennebunk, Me., 12 Sept., 1797; d. in Newton, Mass., 14 March, 1881. He was graduated at Har- vard in 1817, and soon afterward took charge of an academy in Lancaster, Mass. He was tutor in mathematics and natural philosophy in Harvard in 1819-'21, and in the latter year was chosen prin- cipal of the English high-school for boys in Bos- ton, after declining the professorship of mathe- matics in Harvard. In 1823 he opened a private school for girls in the same city, and conducted it until 1855, when he retired from professional life. In 1831 he assisted in organizing. the Boston soci- ety of natural history, of which he became presi- dent in 1837. He was instrumental in getting the legislature to authorize the geological survey of the state, and took charge with Dr. Dewey of the botanical department of the survey, under appoint- ment from Gov. Everett. Mr. Emerson was also president of the American institute of instruction, and aided in securing the establishment of the state board of education. He passed forty years of his life in teaching, thirty-four of which were spent in Boston. He received the degree of LL. D. from Harvard in 1859, and was a member and as- sociate of many learned bodies. He wrote the sec- ond part of the " School and School-master " (New York, 1842), of which the first part was written by Bishop Potter, of Pennsylvania. A copy of this work was placed in every school in the states of New York and Massachusetts. He was also the author of several lectures on education, and a con- tributor to various periodicals, and published a "Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing natu- rally in the Forests of Massachusetts " (Boston, 1846); a "Manual of Agriculture" (1861); and "Reminiscences of an Old Teacher" (1878).

EMERSON, Gonverneur, physician, b. in Kent county, Del., in 1796; d. 2 July, 1874. He was graduated in medicine at the University of Penn- sylvania in 1816, and began practice in Philadel- phia in 1820, but spent many years in retirement on a farm, where he devoted himself to peach-cult- ure, and gave much attention to the subject of fer- tilizers. He wrote extensively on the subject of vital statistics, and contributed to the " American Journal of the Medical Sciences," in 1827-'48, tables of the mortality of Philadelphia from 1807 till 1848, showing, among other things, the excessive mortality of males during childhood. He also adapted Cuthbert W. Johnson's " Farmers and Planters' Encyclopaedia of Rural Life " (London, 1842) to the United States (Philadelphia, 1853). and published a translation of Le Play's treatise on the " Organization of Labor." He also contributed numerous scientific papers to the proceedmgs of the American philosophical society, of which he became a member in 1833.

EMERSON, James E., machinist, b. in Maine, 2 Nov., 1823. His youth was spent in farming and working in saw-mills, and he was a carpenter in Bangor for several years. In 1850 he removed to Lewiston, where he established a manufactory for making wood-working machinery, and while engaged in this business made his first invention. This was a machine for boring, turning, and cut- ting the heads on the spools or bobbins that are used in cotton factories, and did the same work that formerly required three machines. In 1852 he removed to California, where he was first em- ployed as superintendent of a saw-mill, and after- ward became a proprietor of mills in various coun- ties of that state. Here he proved the advantages of circular saws with movable teeth. For several years he was occupied in the introduction of his new saws, but subsequently returned to the east and manufactured edge tools in Trenton, N. J., receiving large contracts for swords and sabres from the government during the civil war. He afterward became the superintendent of the Amer- ican saw company, which was organized to manu- facture his circular saws with movable teeth. A circular saw 88 inches in diameter, and costing $2,000, was exhibited by this company at the Paris exposition of 1867. Among his miscellaneous in- ventions are a combined anvil, shears, and punch- ing machine (1866), and a swage for spreading saw-teeth to a uniform width and shape, and cut- ting the edge at a single operation.

EMERSON, John Smith, missionary, b. in Chester, N. IL, 28 Dec, 1800 ; d. in Waialua, Oahu, Sandwich Islands, 28 March, 1867. He was graduated at Dartmouth m 1826, at Andover theological seminary in 1830, and was ordained in May, 1831, having acted for a year as agent of the American board of commissioners for foreign missions. He had studied with the intention of becoming a missionary in India, but, yielding to a special call from the Sandwich Islands, sailed in November, 1831, for Honolulu, and was pastor of the Congregational church at Waialua from 1832 till 1864 with the exception of the years 1842-'6, when he