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Rh 1857) ; " The Debt and Resources of the United States" (18G3); "Questions of the Day" (1871); and " Conversations on Political Economy " (1882). — His nephew, Cyrus, author, b. in Somerset, Pa., 16 June, 1833, was educated in the common schools, and served during the civil war as 1st lieutenant and quartermaster of the 10th Pennsyl- vania reserves. He edited the " Industrial Bulle- tin " in 1870-'5, and was appointed in 1881 a com- missioner to revise the revenue system of Pennsyl- vania. He is the author of " My Gift," a volume of poems (New York, 1867) ; "'Dream of Free- Trade Paradise " (Philadelphia, 1872) ; and " Man and Labor " (Chicago, 1886).

ELDER, William, Canadian journalist, b. in Malin, County Donegal, Ireland, 22 July, 1822 ; d. in St. John, N. B., in 1883. He was educated at Queen's college, Belfast, and at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, studied theology, and was for some time a minister in tlie Presbyterian church. He afterward came to New Brunswick, and at once attained prominence as a public writer and speaker. He edited the " Colonial Presbyterian " and the " Morning Journal " at St. John for a term of years, and was chief editor and proprietor of the St. John "Daily Telegraph." He was a member of the grammar-school board and of the council of the Dominion board of trade. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Dominion parlia- ment at the general election in 1872, was first re- turned for the legislature of New Brunswick in 1878, and was re-elected in 1882.

ELDER, William Henry, archbishop, b. in Baltimore, Md., in 1819. He was educated in Mount St. Mary's college, Emmettsburg. and afterward in the college of the Propaganda, Rome. After his ordination, in 1846, he was appointed president and professor of theology in Mount St. Mary's, where his ability attracted notice, and he was elected bishop of Natchez in 1857. When the civil war began he devoted all his energies to the care of the sick and wounded. Having refused to obey an order of the post commandant at Natchez, in 1864, who insisted on his inserting a form of prayer for the president of the United States in his ritual of worship, he was arrested and sent out of his diocese to Vidalia. La., but the order was subsequently revoked. He labored fearlessly in aid of the yellow-fever sufferers in the epidemic of 1878, and was himself stricken down by the dis- ease. In 1879 he was named coadjutor archbishop of San Francisco, but declined, giving as his rea- son that he could not leave his diocese when his people were suffering from yellow-fever. In 1880 he was ordered by the pope to proceed as coadjutor archbishop to Cincinnati, which diocese had be- come involved in great financial difficulties. He did so, still retaining the administration of Natchez. He presided over the fourth provincial council of Cincinnati, held in 1882, and on the death of Archbishop Purcell, in the same year, be- came archbishop of Cincinnati.

ELDRIDGE, Charles A., politician, b. in Brid- port, Vt., 27 Feb., 1821. He removed with his parents to New York, where he studied and began the prac- tice of law, and in 1848 settled in Fond du Lac, Wis. He was a member of the state senate in 1854-'5. In 1862 he was elected a member of Congress as a democrat, and was five times re-elected, serv- ing from 7 Dec, 1863, to 3 March, 1875. On 1 Feb., 1864, he ofi'ered a resolution condemning the draft as contrary to the genius of republican govern- ment, and on 21 March of the same year one call- ing upon the president to furnish the names of all persons that had been arrested for political cause.

ELDRIDGE, Edwin, capitalist, b. in 1811 ; d. in Elmira, N. Y., 16 Dec, 1876. He became a physician ; was largely engaged in coal-mining and iron manufacturing, became president of the Elmira iron and steel company, and was long con- nected with the Erie railroad. Dr. Eldridge gave a public park to Elmira, and contributed materially to the progress of that town.

ELDRIDGE, Hamilton N., soldier, b. in South Williamstown, Berkshire eo., Mass., 23 Aug., 1831 ; d. in Chicago, 111., 27 Nov., 1882. He was gradu- ated at Williams in 1856, in the same class with James A. Garfield, and at the Albany law insti- tute in 1857, and began practice in Chicago. In July, 1862, with his "partner. Col. F. W. Tourtel- lotte, he raised the 127th Illinois regiment, and was made its lieutenant-colonel. He command- ed the regiment in the operations of Gen. Sher- man from Memphis to Grenada and Chickasaw bayou, distinguished himself at Arkansas Post, was promoted colonel, and took part in the siege of Vicksburg, where he bore the colors with his own hand, after several color-bearers had been shot, and led his regiment, in advance, to the fortifica- tions of the enemy. After the surrender, he was compelled by sickness to resign, but was brevetted brigadier-general for gallantry. After a slow re- covery he resumed the practice of law in Chicago.

ELGIN, James Bruce, eighth earl of Elgin, and twelfth of Kincardine, British statesman, b. in London, 20 July, 1811; d. in Dhurmsala, India, 20 Nov.. 1863. He was educated at Eton, and at Christ church college, Oxford, where he was gradu- ated in 1833. He began his public life in 1841, as a memberof parlia- ment for South- ampton, and be- fore the end of the year succeed- ed to the title and estates of his father. He was appointed gov- ernor of Jamai- ca in 1842, but found the legis- lature of that isl- and determined to disregard the rights of the re- cently emanci- pated slaves, and in 1846 was re- called at his own request. He was

then appointed governor-general of Canada, and arrived there early in 1847. Soon after his arrival he signed a bill providing for compensation to loyalists inLower Canada for losses sustained in the rebellion of 1837. This bill had been bitterly opposed, and, when it became known that the governor-general had signed it, a meeting was held in Montreal at which violent speeches were made. After the meeting a mob dispersed the parliament, then in session in'that city, and burned the parliament buildings and their contents. The assembly next met in Bonsecours market, and passed an address eulogizing the action of Lord Elgin. He drove into the city from Monklands, his residence, to the government house, to receive the address, and was assailed on the way by the mob with volleys of stones. His country residence was threatened, and had to be guarded, and for several weeks he remained there, that he might not provoke an outbreak by his presence in the city. He refused to