Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 2).djvu/24

4 under him,&rdquo; and no one followed. A buoy that swings to and fro with the ebb and flow of the tide marks the scene of Com. Craven's bravery and of his death, and beneath, only a few fathoms deep, lies the &ldquo;Tecumseh.&rdquo; He has been called the &ldquo;Sydney&rdquo; of the American navy.—Charles Henderson, naval officer, son of Thomas Tingey, b. in Portland, Me., 30 Nov., 1843, was graduated at the U. S. naval academy in 1863, promoted to ensign, and served in that capacity in the South Atlantic blockading squadron until 1863. He participated in many of the engagements in the vicinity of Charleston and Savannah during 1863-'4, and was attached to the &ldquo;Housatonic&rdquo; when she was blown up in February, 1864. During 1865-'7 he served in the European squadron on the &ldquo;Colorado,&rdquo; and was commissioned lieutenant-commander in November, 1866. He then served on the &ldquo;Wampanoag,&rdquo; and was made lieutenant-commander in March, 1868, after which he was attached to the Pacific squadron. Subsequently he served on shore duty at Mare island, Cal. In 1874 he became executive officer of the &ldquo;Kearsarge,&rdquo; of the Pacific squadron, and later of the &ldquo;Monocacy.&rdquo; He was detached from duty in June, 1879, broken down by over-work, and was retired in May, 1881.—Henry Smith, another son of Thomas Tingey, civil engineer, b. in Bound Brook, N. J., 14 Oct., 1845, studied in St. John's college, Annapolis, Md., and later in the scientific department of Hobart, but was not graduated, as he entered the army shortly before the close of the civil war. He obtained employment on the Croton works in New York city, but in 1866 went to California and became secretary, with the rank of lieutenant, to his father, then commanding the North Pacific squadron, and in 1869 was appointed assistant civil engineer of the navy-yard at Mare island. This office he resigned in 1872, and then practised his profession in San Francisco until 1879. He was commissioned civil engineer in the U. S. navy during the latter year, and ordered to Chester, Pa., where he was occupied with the construction of the iron floating dock then building for the Pensacola navy-yard. Later he was ordered to the navy-yard at League island, Pa., and in July, 1881, was sent to the navy-yard at Portsmouth, N. H., and in September, 1882, assigned to special duty at Coaster's harbor training-station. He was granted leave of absence in 1883, and took charge of the construction of the new Croton aqueduct in New York, up to March, 1886. He is the inventor of an automatic trip for mining-buckets (1876), and of a tunnelling machine (1883). Mr. Craven was given the honorary degree of B.S. by Hobart in 1878, and is a member of the American society of civil engineers.

CRAWFORD, George Washington, lawyer, b. in Columbia county, Ga., 22 Dec, 1798; d. in Richmond county, Ga., 22 July, 1872. He was graduated at Princeton in 1820, and after studying law he was admitted to the bar in 1822. He was appointed attorney-general of Georgia in 1827, and continued in that office until 1831. From 1837 fill 1842 he was a member of the legislature from Richmond county, with the exception of one year. He then was elected to congress as a whig to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Richard W. Habersham, and served from 7 Feb., 1843, till 3 March of the same year, during which he was also elected governor of Georgia, and re-elected in 1845. Later he held the office of secretary of war in President Taylor's cabinet, serving from 7 March, 1849. till 15 Aug., 1850. On the death of the president Mr. Crawford resigned his portfolio, and subsequently spent some time in travel abroad, after which he returned to Georgia, where he resided in retirement at Bel-Air, his home in Richmond county.

CRAWFORD, Martin Jenkins, lawyer, b. in Jasper county, Ga., 17 March, 1820; d. in Columbus, Ga., 22 July, 1883. He was educated at Mercer university, and, after studying law, was admitted to the bar in 1839. For a while he followed his profession, but the death of his father caused him to give his attention to planting. From 1845 till 1847 he was a member of the state legislature, and in 1850 was a delegate to the southern convention held in Nashville during May. In 1853 he was made judge of the superior courts of the Chattahoochee circuit, and held that office until his election to congress as a democrat, where he served from 3 Dec, 1855, until his withdrawal on 23 Jan., 1861. He was then elected by the convention of Georgia a delegate to the Confederate provisional congress, serving from January, 1861, till February, 1862, and subsequently was appointed one of the three commissioners sent to treat with the authorities in Washington for a peaceful separation of the states. During 1862 he raised the 3d Georgia cavalry, and after a year's service was transferred to the staff of Gen. Howell Cobb, with whom he continued until the close of the war. He then resumed the practice of his profession, and in 1875 was appointed judge of the superior courts of the Chattahoochee circuit, to which office in 1877 he was reappointed for a term of eight years. In 1880 he was appointed associate justice of the supreme court of Georgia, to fill the unexpired term of Logan E. Bleckley, on the completion of which he became his own successor by appointment from the state legislatitre.

CRAWFORD, Samnel Wylie, soldier, b. in Franklin county. Pa., 8 Nov., 1829; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 3 Nov., 1892. He was graduated in 1846, after which he studied medicine, and in 1851 became an assistant surgeon in the U. S. army. He served in various forts in the southwest, principally in Texas, until 1860, when he was stationed at Fort Moultrie and later at Fort Sumter, being one of the garrison of that fort at the beginning of the civil war, and having command of a battery during the bombardment. From that time till August, 1861, he was at Fort Columbus, New York harbor. He then vacated his commission of assistant surgeon by accepting the appointment of major in the 13th infantry, and in 1862 was commissioned a brigadier-general of volunteers. Gen. Crawford served with distinction in the Shenandoah campaign, being present at the battles of Winchester and Cedar Mountain, losing one half of his brigade in the last-named action. At the battle of Antietam he succeeded Gen. Mansfield in command of his division, and was severely wounded. Early in 1863 he was placed in command of the Pennsylvania reserves, then stationed about Washington, and with these troops, forming the 3d division of the 5th army