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Rh 1864, but subsequently acted with the Democratic party. Mr. Dougherty's lectures on " The Stage," and " Orators and Oratory," have been much ad- mired. Among his noteworthy addresses is one delivered before the literary societies of Lafayette college, which was quoted and commented on by Lord Lytton in the house of commons (1859). He made the speech of welcome to President Lincoln at the Philadelphia union league in January, 1864, and the speech nominating Gen. Hancock for the presidencv in the Democratic convention of 1880.

DOUGHTY, Thomas, artist, b. in Philadel- phia, Pa., 19 July, 1793; d. in New York city, 24 July, 1856. He was apprenticed in his youth to a leather manufacturer, and afterward carried on the business in his own name. He painted in his lei- sure momenis, without a master, and had received a quarter's tuition in India-inlj drawing, when a growing taste for art induced him to adopt it as a profession about 1820. He painted for many years in the United States, and afterward in London and Paris, acquiring a high reputation by his paintings of American scenery. He was one of the earliest American artists to make evident the charm of what is called the " silvery tone," and to reproduce autumnal effects with genuine grace and emphasis. His works include " A Peep at the Catskills " ; "View on the Hudson"; "Lake Scene"; "Old Mill " ; " Delaware Water-Gap " ; " Scene on the Susquehanna"; and "A View near Paris."

DOUGHTY, William Henry, surgeon, b. in Augusta, Ga., 5 Feb., 1836. He received an aca- demical education in Augusta, was graduated at the medical department of the University of Geor- gia in 1855, and in the same year began practice in Augusta, giving especial attention to gynecology. Prom March, 1862, till April, 1865, he served as a surgeon in the Confederate army, being exclusive- ly employed in hospital duty. He was surgeon-in- charge in the general hospital at Macon, Ga., in Walker's division hospital at Lauderdale Springs, Miss., and at the second Georgia hospital at Augus- ta, where he was engaged from October, 1863, till the close of the war. In the course of this long service he tied the subclavian artery at its external third twice, which operations have passed into the permanent records of military surgery. From 1867 till 1875 he three times held the professorship of materia medica and therapeutics in the medical college of Georgia (now the medical department of the State university). He is a member of numer- ous medical and health associations, and in 1887 was made a member of the international medical congress. His contributions to medical journals have been numerous, and embrace a wide range of subjects, professional and otherwise.

DOUGLAS, Amanda Minnie, author, b. in New York city, 14 July, 1838. She was educated at the city institute in New York, removed to Newark, N. J., in 1853, and afterward read Eng- lish literature, history, and various other branches with a private tutor. In early childhood she had the gift of narration, and amused the neighboring children with stories that would be continued for weeks. At eighteen years of age she was about be- ginning the study of designing and engraving, when illness in the family prevented. For a num- ber of years she was chiefly devoted to nursing the sick, and while at the bedside gave her leisure mo- ments to writing. She participated in planning several inventions, patenting one herself, a folding frame for a mosquito-net, to be used by travellers, artists, and others. Of her early efforts in writing she says : " I had no thought of becoming a novel- ist, as I was so interested in other pursuits ; but this path seemed to open, and others proved quite impossible, as I could not leave my home." She has lived in comparative retirement since child- hood, in Newark, N. J., and its suburbs, and is au- thor of the following stories : " In Trust " (Boston, 1866) ; " Claudia " (1867) ; " Stephen Dane " (1867) ; "Sydnie Adriance" (1868); "With Fate Against Him" (New York, 1870); " Kathie's Stories for Young People " (6 vols.. Boston, 1870-'l) ; " Lucia ; Her Problem " (New York. 1871) : " Santa Claus Land" (Boston, 1873j ; "Home Nook" (1873); " The Old Woman who Lived in a Shoe " (1874) ; " Seven Daughters " (1874) ; " Nelly Kinnard's Kingdom " (1876) ; " From Hand to Mouth " (1877) ; "Hope Mills" (1879); "Lost in a Great City" (1880) ; " Whom Kathie Married " (1883) ; " Floyd Grandon's Honor" (1883); "Out of the Wreck" (1884); "A Woman's Inheritance'' (1885); "Foes of Her Household" (1886).

DOUGLAS, Sir Charles, British naval officer, b. in Scotland ; d. in 1789. After being for some time in the service of Holland he entered the Brit- ish navy, and at the beginning of the American war had command of the squadron destined for the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In the spring of 1776 he forced his way up that river, through fields of drifting ice, and for the timely relief of his coun- trymen at Quebec received honors and promotion. In 1787 he was created a rear-admiral. Sir Charles introduced the mode of firing guns on board ships by means of locks instead of matches. — His son, Sir Howard, soldier, b. in Gosport, England, 1 July, 1776; d. in England, 8 Nov., 1861, entered the British army early in life, and served in Portu- gal and Spain in 1808-'12. He was appointed governor of New Brunswick in 1823, and remained there until 1829. During his term of office he con- structed military roads, established schools, and displayed a deep interest in the Presbyterian church and collegiate instruction. He was, in fact, the energetic promoter of the material, education- al, and religious interests of the province. On his return to England he was made lord high commis- sioner of the Ionian Islands (1835-'40), and repre- sented Liverpool in parliament from 1842 till 1847. He was promoted to the rank of general in 1851. His scientific attainments were large, and his "Treatise on Naval Gunnery" (1819), which was approved by tlie admiralty, is considered an au- thority. He was also the author of an " Essay on Military Bridges" (1816), and other works on for- tifications and gunnery.

DOUGLAS, David, botanist, b. at Scone. Perthshire, Scotland, in 1798; d. in the Hawaiian Islands, 12 July, 1834. He was employed in the botanic garden of the University of Glasgow, where he attracted the notice of Dr. (afterward Sir William) Hooker, who procured for him an appointment as botanical collector in the United States to the Horticultural society of London. In this capacity he travelled extensively in America, extending his researches in 1824 as far as Oregon and California, exploring Columbia river and parts of California, and in 1827 traversing the continent from Fort Vancouver to Hudson bay, where he met Sir John Franklin, and returned with him to England, having many valuable acquisitions for English flower-gardens. After a second visit, when on a similar mission to Columbia river in 1829, he went to the Hawaiian Islands, where he was killed in 1834. Through his agency 217 new species of plants were introduced into England, and he collected 800 specimens of the California flora. A gigantic species of pine, which he discovered in California, is named Finns Douglassii.