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176 delphia. The University of New York gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1853. Dr. Dickson wrote not only on professional but on literary and cur- rent topics, and added a graceful style to thorough- ness of learning. He published " Dengue ; its History, Pathology, and Treatment" (Philadel- phia, i826) ; " Manual of Pathology " ; " Practice of Medicine " (2 vols.. New York) ; " Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics " (2 vols., 1845) ;' " Es- says on liife, Sleep, Pain, etc. " (1852) ; " Elements of Medicine" (1855); and "Studies in Pathology and Therapeutics" (1867). He also contributed largely to medical and other current literature, and published many occasional essays and addresses, including an address before the Yale Phi Beta Kappa society in 1842, on the " Pursuit of Happi- ness," and a pamphlet on slavery, asserting the es- sential inferiority of the negro race (1845). — His daughter, Jeanie A., has contributed largely, in prose and verse, to current literature.

DICKSON, Thomas, capitalist, b. in Lauder, Scotland, 26 March, 1822 ; d. in Morristown, N. J., 31 July, 1884. He was the son of a Scottish ma- chinist, and emigrated with his parents to Canada in 1835. Afterward they settled in Carbondale, Pa., where young Dickson teceived an indifferent education, and at the age of thirteen had charge of the horses and mules of the canal company. In 1838 he entered the employ of Charles T. Pierson in Carbondale. This business passed through the hands of several persons, including Joseph Benja- min, whose partner he became in 1845. In 1852 he turned his attention to iron manufacture, and pur- chased an interest in a foundry and machine-shop. Pour years later he established the Dickson Manu- facturing company for the building of steam-en- gines and the construction of mining machinery. The corporation was very successful, and its capital increased in twenty years from $30,000 to $1,350,- 000, and its business grew until it became one of the most important locomotive works in the United States. In 1860 he retired from this organization and became superintendent of the coal department of the Delaware and Hudson canal company. Four years later he was made general superintendent of the company, then vice-president, and president in 1869, which office he held continuously until his death. During his connection with the company its annual output of coal increased from 500,000 to over 4,000,000 tons. Its mining operations were gradually extended over an area of forty-four miles, and it acquired control of an extensive rail- road system. In 1873 Mr. Dickson organized a company for the purchase of a large tract of iron land on the shores of Lake Champlain. Furnaces were erected, and the best quality of pig-iron and Bessemer metal was produced. Besides controlling the affairs of these corporations, he was a director in twenty other companies. His home was in Scran- ton, where he gathered a large collection of books and fine paintings, and was known as a liberal donor to various charities.

DIDIER, Franklin James (dy'-deer), author, b. in Baltimore, Md., in 1794; d. there in 1840. He became a physician in Baltimore, and was a frequent contributor to the periodicals of his time. In 1831 he published a paper foretelling a civil war between the northern and sotithern states, caused by the slavery question. Dr. Didier was the author of " Didier's Letters from Paris " (New York, 1821), and " Franklin's Letters to his Kins- folk " (Philadelphia, 1822). — His son, Eng'ene Lemoine, author, b. in Baltimore, Md., 22 Dec, 1838, spent several years at Loyola college, but was not graduated. After five more years of private study he began a mercantile career, but gave it up to devote himself to literature. In 1867 he founded in Baltimore a weekly journal entitled "Southern Society," and in 1869-70 was deputy marshal of the U. S. supreme court, being specially detailed to act as secretary to Chief-Justice Chase. He has written much over the signatures " Le- moine" and " Timon." As a critic, his style is aggressive and fearless. He has published " Life of Edgar A. Poe" (New York, 1876); "Life and Letters of Madame Bonaparte " (1879 ; republished in London, and translated into French and Italian) ; and a " Primer of Criticism " (18S3).

DIEGO Y MORENO, Francisco Garcia, Mexican II. C. bishop, b. in Lagos, Mexico, about 1800 ; d. in Santa Barbara, Cal., in 1846. He received his early education in the seminary of, Guadalajara, and finished his ecclesiastical studies in the Apos- tolic college of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Zacatecas. He joined the order of St. Francis, and was or- dained in 1824. In 1832 he was appointed prefect of the missions for the conversion of the Indians in California, and set out for the post assigned him with ten Franciscans ; but, owing to the difficulties of the journey, did not reach the missions till 1833. He divided his fellow-laborers among the Indians, while he himself made Santa Clara the centre of his labors, and endeavored to protect the Indians from the rapacity of the Mexican governors. The passing of a law in 1834, which went into operation in 1837, for the secularization of the missions, ren- dered his efforts unavailing. He made a journey to the city of Mexico, and procured an order for the restoration of the mission to the church ; but this change of policy came too late to restore pros- perity to the Indians, many of whom had lapsed into barbarism. He was about to return to Cali- fornia when he received tidings that he had been nominated bishop of California. He was conse- crated in 1840, reached San Diego in 1841, and found his diocese in a state of desolation. The Indian population was reduced from 30,000 to 4,500, and these scattered and demoralized, while the flocks and herds had disappeared and agricult- ure was ruined. He restored some of the missions and erected a seminary at Santa Ines, and his pas- sionate appeals to the government of Mexico in behalf of the Indians were sometimes effective, but his health was destroyed by his incessant labors.

DIELMAN, Frederick, artist, b. in Hanover, Germany, 25 Dec., 1847. He came to this country when a child, was graduated at Calvert college, Baltimore, Md., in 1864, and in 1866-'72 served as a topographer and draughtsman of U. S. engineers in Fortress Monroe and Baltimore, and in the survey of canal-routes over the Alleghanies of Virginia. He then studied art under Diez in the Royal academy, Munich, gaining a medal in the life class, and afterward opened a studio in New York city, taking a prominent place as a genre painter and illustrator of books and magazines. He has contributed largely to editions de luxe of Longfellow, Hawthorne, George Eliot, and other writers, and to the various publications of the Tile club, of which he is a member. Mr. Dielman was one of the original members of the Society of American artists, was made a National academician in 1883, and is also a member of the American water-color society, the New York etching club, and the Salmagundi sketch club. Among his pictures shown at National academy exhibitions are &ldquo;The Patrician Lady&rdquo; (1877); &ldquo;Young Gamblers&rdquo; (1885); and a &ldquo;Head&rdquo; (1886). One of the best known of his illustrations is that entitled &ldquo;A Girl I Know,&rdquo; which has been engraved by Cole.