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164 left him at liberty, and, after hiding for some time in tlie woods, Dias rejoined the Portuguese army and gave them tidings of the fall of Arraial do Bom Jesus. On 9 July he distinguished himself again in a battle under the orders of Felippe Camarao. On 17 and 18 Feb., 1037, the negro captain, at the head of a company of eighty of his race, took again a prominent part in the battle of Porto Calvo. He was dangerously wounded in the left hand during the battle, and had it immediately amputated so as to retui'n to the fight without loss of time. On recommendation of the commander-in-chief, he was rewarded by the king of Spain and Portugal with kniglithood and the cross of the order of Christ, and was also appointed chief commander of all the colored troops. Prom 1G37 till 1G45 Dias distin- guished himself as a guerilla chief in the defence of San Salvador da Bahia, and in the repulse of the forces of Prince Maurice of Nassau. In 1G45 he deserted with his colored troops from Bahia to join the forces that had risen against Spanish rule. He passed through the districts of Sergipe and Sao Francisco, and in Alagoas roused the inhabitants to revolt, joining afterward the forces of Cardoso and Fernandez Vieira, who were at the head of the insurgents in the province. From 1645 till 1654 Dias took part in numerous engagements, and, wMle the other generals were absent for the conquest of Itamaraca, he commanded for some time the forces besieging Recife, and was again victorious in the two battles of Guararapes ; in fact, excepting the capitulation of Arraial do Bom Jesus, he was never defeated in twenty-one years of warfare. Yet, while the Portuguese government, after the expul- sion of the Dutch invaders and the independents from Spain, rewarded liberally all the chieftains of the war in the province of Pernambuco, Dias was forgotten, and died in poverty. But his name was given to a regiment, which has always been com- manded by a man of the negro race.

DIAS VIEIRA, Joao Pedro, Brazilian states- man, b. in Guimaraes,30 March, 1820; d. 30 Oct., 1870. He studied law at Maranhao, and was admitted to the bar at Sao Paulo. In 1842 he was appointed district attorney for the capital of his province ; but, as he soon afterward entered politics in the liberal party, at that time in the opposition, he had to re- sign tliis otfice. In 1846, under a change of min- istry, he was again appointed district attorney for Itapicura-mirim, and elected soon afterward a member of the provincial assembly of Maranhao, where he distinguished himself by his moderation and as an orator, and exercised great influence in the government of the province. In 1852 he was appointed attorney-general of the provincial treas- ury, and, two years later, general director of public lands of the province, and occupied, at the same time, the chairs of philosophy, rhetoric, and geog- raphy in the seminary of the bishopric. He was appointed governor of the province of Amazonas in 1855, and filled this place until 4 Jan., 1857, when he was elected deputy to the Chamber of representatives, and became in 1860 deputy-general for his province. From 1858 he interested himself in steam navigation on the rivers, and in the chamber obtained the protection of the national government for it. On 15 Jan., 1864, he was ap- pointed minister of the navy, and on 15 March minister for foreign affairs. A new ministry was formed on 31 Aug", but only a few days passed be- fore Dias Vieira was again called to take charge of the portfolio of foreign affairs. The country was involved in a foreign war, and Dias's activity was so great that, within nine months, the nation, which at the beginning of the war had not a single ship, found itself in the possession of a powerful fleet and a well-disciplined army. Dias Vieira was rewarded with the title of imperial councillor and other distinctions. He left no estate, and the gov- ernnieiit gave his widow a pension of 2,200 milreis.

DIAZ, Alonso, Spanish soldier, b. in Seville, Spain, early in the 16th century ; d. in Cuzco about 1556. He sought his fortune in the New World, became son-in-law of the former governor of the Isthmus of Panama, Pedrarias Davila, and was one of the conquerors of Cuzco, where he settled. He was distinguished for his gigantic strength, and is said to have killed the Indian prisoners by suffo- cating them in an embrace, so that the emperor, Charles V., issued a decree forbidding such acts. Diaz also suffocated one of the most famous Indian wz"estlers in a trial of strength, and on one occa- sion is said to have carried his war-horse on his shoulders. In 1553 he was one of the principal accomplices of Francisco Hernandez Giron against Pizarro's successor. After the battle of Pucara, Diaz surrendered in the royal camp, and was par- doned by the judges of the Audiencia, as they were unaware that Giron had already sought safety in flight, fearing that he would be delivered to the royal forces by his own followers. Diaz settled again in Cuzco, but, as he continued his rebellious attempts, he was made a prisoner by the mayor, Bautista Mitnoz, and, together with several other conspirators, was executed by the garrote, by order of the viceroy. Marquis de Canete, and his estate was confiscated. Several books and poems have been written about the adventures of Alonso Diaz.

DIAZ CAMAROO, Antonio, explorer, b. at the close of the 17th century. He was the first to explore the province of Minas in Brazil. He was commander of a party of explorers called " bandei- ras," composed of the mestizos of Sao Paulo, and examined that part of the country known as Villa Rica, and discovered a great quantity of gold. Thus was founded the city of Villa Rica, or, as it is sometimes called, Ouro Preto (dark-coloi'ed gold).

DIAZ DEL CASTILLO. See Castillo.

DIAZ DE LUGO, Juan Bernardo (de-ath-da- lu'-go), Spanish R. C. bishop, b. in Seville at the clos'e of the 15th century ; d. in 1556. He was pro- fessor in Salamanca of belles-lettres and the dead languages. He was present at the council of Trent and became bishop of Calahorra. He spent thir- teen years in America. Of his works, the best- known are "Practica criminal canonica" (Alcala, 1559); " Reglas de derecho " (1569); "Antidoto contra la desesperacion " (Salamanca, 1553); " Ins- truccion de Prelados " ; and " C-omentarios a Isaias."

DIAZ DE PINEDA, Gonzalo (de-ath-da-pe-na'-dah), Spanish soldier, h. in Torrelavega early in the 16th century ; d. in Peru in 1545. He went to Peru with Francisco Pizarro on his last expedition (1531), and in 1534 accompanied Sebastian Velalcazar in the conquest of what was afterward called the " New Kingdom of Granada." In 1535 he was sent by Velalcazar to explore the river Magdalena, the upper course of which the expedition had reached, down to its mouth, and acquire information about the adjacent country. He entered the territory of the Indians called Quijos and Canelos, which he discovered in 1536, and his glowing description of the richness of these countries gave rise, some years later, to the unfortunate expedition of Gonzalo Pizarro to Canelos and Amazonas. In 1539 Diaz was appointed governor of Quito, and, by order of the judge, Lorenzo Aldana, imprisoned and sent to Lima Diego Sandoval and Cristobal Daza, friends and followers of Velalcazar, who was in a revolt against Pizarro. In the