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74 to Washington to further the interests of Kansas during a session of congress. After two years' service in the treasury department as law clerk, he settled in St. Cloud, Minn., and in 1859 was elected state senator. During the presidential canvass of 1860 he actively supported Douglas and was nomi- nated as elector on that ticket. In 1801 he assisted in bringing out the " Minnesota Union " in support of the administration, and for a time edited that paper. Soon after the beginning of the civil war he enlisted as a private, but was commissioned captain in the 3d Minnesota infantry. He was surrendered in a fight near Murfreesboro, and from July to October, 1862, was a prisoner. After his exchange he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of his regiment, and was present in the operations around Vicksburg. He became colonel in July, 1863, and served in the campaign that resulted in the capture of Little Rock, Ark., where he was placed in command with a brigade. Here he was very active in fostering the union element, and his influence went far in the movement that in January, 1864, resulted in the reorganization of Arkansas as a free state, for which he received the thanks of the constitutional convention. During 1864 he was in command of the forces near Au- gusta, Ark., fortified Devall's Bluff, Gen. Steele's base of supplies, and organized numerous success- ful scouting parties. He was promoted to briga- dier-general, and assigned to the command of the 2d division, 13th corps, and participated in the siege and storming of Port Blakely, Ala. On 9 March, 1865, he was commissioned brevet major- general. Subsequently he commanded the district of Mobile, and later that of Houston, Texas. In the reconsLruction of that state Gen. Andrews showed much interest, and made speeches at Hous- ton and elsewhere which produced a better public opinion. Afterward he was ordered to accompany Gov. A. J. Hamilton to Austin on his reinstatement to civil authority. He returned to St. Cloud, Minn,, during the autumn of 1865, and was mustered out of service 15 Jan., 1860. He was appointed minis- ter resident to Sweden and Norway in 1869, and continued there until 1877, furnishing the U. S. government with frequent valuable reports on im- portant subjects, which have been published in the " Commercial Relations of the United States." He was supervisor of the U. S. census in the 3d dis- trict of Minnesota during 1880, and from 1882 till 1885 was consul-general to Brazil. Gen. Andrews has also been a frequent contributor to current literature, and is the author of " Minnesota and Dacotah " (Washington, 1850) ; " Practical Treatise on the Revenue Laws of the United States " (Bos- ton, 1858) ; " Hints to Company 01!icers on their Military Duties " (New York, 1803) ; " Digest of the Opinions of the Attornevs-General of the United States " (Washington, 1807) ; and " History of the Campaign of Mobile " (1807).

ANDREWS, Ebenezer Baldwin, geologist, b. in Danbury, Conn., 29 April, 1821 ; d. in Lancaster, Ohio, 14 Aug., 1880. He was educated at Williams college and then at Marietta college, where he was graduated in 1842. Then, after graduation at Princeton theological seminary in 1844, he became pastor of the Congregational church in Housatonic, Mass., 1846-'50, and from 1850 to 1851 he had charge of a parish in New Britain, Conn. From 1851 to 1809 he was professor of geology in Marietta college, and then became assistant geologist to the Ohio state survey. He contributed papers on geological subjects to the " American Journal of Science," and the record of his work is given in the annual reports of the Ohio survey. He was also the author of a text-book on "Elementary Geology " (Cincinnati, 1878). In 1870 he was made LL. D. by Marietta college.

ANDREWS, Edmund, surgeon, b. in Putney. Vt., 22 April, 1824. He was graduated at the uni- versity of Michigan in 1849 ; then, studying medi- cine, he received his degree from the medical de- partment of the university in 1852. He settled in Ann Arbor and became demonstrator of anatomy and professor of comparative anatomy in the uni- versity, but in 1850 removed to Chicago, where he has since resided. Here he has filled the phice of demonstrator of anatomy at the Rush medical col- lege, and subsequently the chairs of the principles and practices of surgery and of clinical and mili- tary surgery in the Chicago medical college, of which institution he is one of the founders. In 1859 he became surgeon to the Mercy hospital, and during the civil war he served in a similar capacity with the 1st Illinois light artillery. He is a mem- ber of numerous medical and scientific societies, and is president of the Illinois state medical society and of the Chicago academy of sciences. Dr. Andrews was one of the founders of the Michigan state medical society, and is a trustee of the North- western university. He is the author of a great number of articles in different branches of surgery which have been published in medical journals and proceedings of the societies to which he belongs. Numerous improvements in surgical apparatus and operations have been made by him ; among them is the practical demonstration of the value of free in- cision, digital exploration, and disinfection of lum- bar abscesses, a treatment previouslv forbidden.

ANDREWS, Edward Gayer, M. E. bishop, b. in New Hartford, N. Y., 7 Aug., 1825. He was graduated in 1847 at the Wes- leyan university at Middletown, Conn., and, en- tering the Meth- odist ministry the following year, became in 1855 a teacher in Cazenovia, N. Y., seminary, of which he was chosen president in 1855. In 1850 he was ordained an elder, and in 1864 became a preacher in the New York east conference. Dr. Andrews was

elected a bishop in 1872. He has published semi centennial addresses delivered in 1875 and 1881.

ANDREWS, Elisha, clergvman, b. in Middle- town, Conn., 29 Sept., 1768; d. 3 Feb., 1840. He made the most of slight opportunities of education, and was occupied as a teacher and a surveyor until 1793. when he was ordained as a Baptist minister at Fairfax, Vt. He preached in various places in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, and published, besides sermons and tracts, " The Moral Tendencies of Universalisin " ; " Review of Winchester's Dia- logues on Universal Restoration " ; and a " Vindi- cation of the Distinguishing Sentiments of the Baptists," all published in Bciston before 1805; "A Brief Reply to James Bickerstaff's ' Short Epistle to the Baptists ' " (1810), and " Strictures on the Rev, Mr. Brooks's ' Terms of Communion ' " (1823).