Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/811

Rh of the Board of arts and manufactures of Canada West, and of the Hamilton horticultural society.

CRAIK, James, physician, b. in Scotland in 1731 ; d. in Fairfax county, Va., G Feb.,_1814. He was educated to be a surgeon in the British army, but came to Virginia early in life, accompanied Washington in the expedition against the French and Indians in 1754, and was in Braddock's disas- trous campaign in 1755, attending that general after his defeat, and assisting in dressing his wounds. We owe to Dr. Craik the details of Washington's remarkable escape at Braddock's de- feat. While exploring the western part of Vir- ginia in 1779, he met an aged Indian chief, who told him, by an interpreter, that he had made a long journey to see Col. Washington, at whom, in the battle of Monongahela, he had fired his rifle fifteen times, ordering all his young men to do the samp. During the Revolutionary war Dr. Craik served in the medical department, and rose to the first'rank. He was active in disclosing the con- spii'acy of 1777, to remove the commander-in-chief, and in 1781, as director-general of the hospital at Yorktown, was present at the surrender of Corn- wallis. After the war he removed to the neigh- borhood of Mount Vernon, at Washington's re- quest, and attended him in his last illness. Wash- ington spoke of him as " my compatriot in arms, my old and intimate friend."

CRALLE, Richard K., author, b. in South Carolina ; d. in Virginia, 10 June, 1864. He was a relative of John C. Calhoun, who employed him as his confidential clerk and amanuensis when he was secretary of state. He had previously been an editor and Swedenborgian clergyman in Washing- ton. He published " Works of John C. Calhoun," with a memoir (6 vols.. New York, 1853-'6), and several polemical works on new-church doctrines.

CRAM, Thomas Jefferson, soldier, b. in New Hampshii-e about 1807 ; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 20 Dec, 1883. He was graduated at the U. S. mili- tary academy in 1826, standing fourth in a class of forty-one, and served there as assistant professor of mathematics in 1826-'9, and of natural and ex- perimental philosophy in 1829-36. He resigned on 16 Sept., 1836, and was for two years assistant engineer on railroads in Maryland and Pennsylva- nia. He was reappointed, with the rank of cap- tain, 7 July, 1838, and served as topographical en- gineer on various surveys. He aided in making military reconnoissances in Texas in 1845-'6, and in 1855-'8 was chief topographical engineer, De- partment of the Pacific. He was promoted to major, 6 Aug., 1861, to lieutenant-colonel on 9 Sept., and was transferred to the engineer corps on 3 March, 1863. From 1861 till 1863 he acted as aide-de-camp to Gen. Wool, being engaged in the capture of Norfolk, Va., 10 May, 1862. He was made colonel on 23 Nov., 1865," and on 13 Jan., 1866, was brevetted brigadier-general and major- general in the regular army for his services during the civil war. After this he served on boards of engineers for the improvement of harbors on the great lakes, and on 22 Feb., 1869, was retired.

CRAMER, John, congressman, b. in Waterford, N. Y., 26 Sept., 1779 ; d. there, 1 June, 1870. He was a presidential elector in 1804, casting his vote for Jefferson and Clinton, served in the state house of representatives in 1806 and 1811, and was state senator in 1823-'5. While senator he proposed the present system of choosing presidential electors on a general ticket. He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1821, and was elected to congress as a Jackson democrat, serv- ing two terms, from 1833 till 1837. He acquired a Ifirge forttme, and retired many years before his death to attend to his private interests.

CRAMER, Michael John, clergyman, b. in Schaff hausen, Switzerland, 6 Feb., 1835 ; d. in Carlisle, Pa., 22 Jan., 1898. He was descended from a Swedish family that emigrated to Switzerland soon after the reformation ; his mother died in 1840, and in 1845 he came to the United States with his father, and settled in Cincinnati, Ohio. After learning the printer's trade, he entered Ohio Wes- leyan university, where he supported himself during his course, and was graduated in 1860. After serving four years in the Methodist minis- try, he was ap|)ointed chaplain in the army by President Lincoln, and remained there till he was sent as U. S. consul to Leipsic by President John- son in 1867. While there he attended lectures at Leipsic university, and also organized an Ameri- can chapel service, preaching every Sunday during his stay. He was appointed U. S. minister to Denmark by President Grant in September, 1870, and in August, 1881. was transferred by President Garfield to Switzerland. In July, 1885, he re- turned to this country, having been elected in June to the chair of systematic theology in Boston university. Dr. Cramer has contributed largely to periodicals in this coimtry, Germany, and Den- mark. He married, 27 Oct., 1863, Mary Frances Grant, sister of Gen. Grant. She has achieved some success as an artist.

CRAMP, John Mockett, author, b. in St. Peter's, isle of Thanet, Kent, England, 25 July, 1791 ; d. in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, 6 Dec, 1881. He was educated at Stepney college, was ordained, 7 May, 1818, became pastor of the Baptist church in Dean street, Sotithwark, London, and in 1842 of the Baptist church at Hastings, Sussex. He was chosen president of the Baptist college, Montreal, Canada, in 1844; president of Acadia college. Nova Scotia, in 1851 ; and reappointed principal of the theological department in 1853, which he retained until 1860, when he was reappointed presi- dent. He retired in 1869. He has published " A Text-Book of Popery " (Dublin, 1831 ; enlarged ed., London, 1839) ; " The Reformation in Europe " (1833) ; "Lectures for these Times" (1844) ; " Bap- tist History " (1868) ; " The Lamb of God " (1871) ; " Paul and Christ ; a Portraiture and an Argu- ment " ; and a memoir of the late Madame Feller, of the Grand Ligne mission, Canada.

CRAMPTON, Sir John Fiennes Twisleton, Bart., British diplomatist, b. in Dublin. 12 Aug., 1805 : d. in Enniskerry, Wieklow co.. Ireland. 7 Dec. 1886. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity college, Dublin, and in 1852 was appointed minister at Washington. He resigned in 1856, in consequence of a demand made by the U. S. government, which charged him with attempting to enlist recruits for the British army during the Crimean war. In 1857 he was sent as British minister to Hanover, trans- ferred to St. Petersburg, 31 March. 1858, and to Mad- rid, 11 Dec, 1860. and resigned in November, 1869.

CRANCH, William, jurist, b. in Weymouth, Mass., 17 July, 1769; d. in Washington, 1 Sept., 1855. His father, Richard, a native of England, was for many years a member of the Massachusetts legislature, was a judge of the court of common pleas, and the author of " Views of the Prophecies concerning Anti-Christ." William was graduated at Harvard in 1787, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in July, 1790. After practising for three years in the courts of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, in October, 1794, he removed to Washington. In 1801 President Adams appointed him junior assistant judge of the circuit court of the