Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/809

Rh was returned to the legislature in that year, and was a delegate to the Eepubliean national conven- tion at Chicago in 1860. In 1865 he was elected U. S. senator from New Hampshire, and served as chairman of the committee on contingent expenses of the senate ; was re-elected to the senate in 1871, and was chairman of the committee on naval af- fairs. He was one of the commissioners appointed for the sale of the Hot Springs of Arkansas.

CRAGIN, Francis Whittemore, naturalist, b. in Greenfield, N. II., 4 Sept., 1858. He studied at Washburn college in Topeka, Kansas, at the Brook- lyn polytechnic institute, and was graduated at Lawrence scientific school of Harvard univer- sity in 1883. Subsequently he travelled through- out the United States, for the purpose of collecting specimens in natural history. During the winter of 1883-'4 he established, under the patronage of Washburn coUege, the Washburn biological survey of Kansas, a work that has thrown much light on the fauna and flora of the great central plain of North America, and has resulted in the discovery of many new species of both animals and plants. Mr. Cragin is a member of the American associa- tion for the advancement of science, and of the Kansas academy of science. He has published the " Bulletin of the Washburn College Laboratory of Natural History " (September, 1884 et seq.), which contains the reports of the biological survey, with notes and a paper on the natural history of the west and southwest.

CRAIDER, Frederick, Revolutionary veteran, d. in Meadville, Miss., in August. 1866, at the age of 108 years. He fought in the Continental army, and was a veteran also of the war of 1812-'5.

CRAIG, Alexander Johnson, educator, b. in Goshen, Orange co., N. Y., 11 Nov., 1833; d. in Madison, Wis., 5 July, 1870. After receiving a common school education, he removed in 1843 to Palmyra, Wis., where he lived about fifteen years, teaching for a part of the time and holding several local offices. He became a practical surveyor, and worked at the carpenter's trade several years, also furnishing plans for school-buildings in different parts of the state. He became principal of a Mil- waukee school in 1854, and in 1858-'9 edited the Wisconsin " Journal of Education " at Racine and Madison, Wis. In 1859-60, he was a member of the legislature. He was president of the State teachers' association, and was chosen assistant state superintendent of schools in 1860, and from 1868 till his death was superintendent-in-chief.

CRAIG, Henry Knox, soldier, b. in Fort Pitt, Pittsburg, Pa., 7 March, 1791 ; d. in Washington, D. C, 7 Dec, 1869. After being educated in Pitts- burg, he was appointed second lieutenant in the 3d artillery, 17 March, 1813, and was engaged in the occupation of Fort George and the night as- sault at Stony Creek, Canada. He was promoted to captain, 83 Dec, 1813, commanded Fort Niaga- ra, N. Y., in 1814, and was transferred to the light artillery, 17 May, 1815. He was superintendent of lead-mines in Missouri and Illinois from 1831 till 1835, was made major of ordnance, 30 May, 1833, and was chief of ordnance of the army of occupa- tion in Texas and Mexico in 1847. He distin- guished himself at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for bravery at Monterej% 33 Sept., 1846. He was made full lieutenant-coloiiel, 35 March, 1848, was inspec- tor of arsenals till 1851, and then became colonel of ordnance. He had charge of the ordnance bu- reau at Washington till 1861, and was retired from active service, 1 June, 1863. On 13 March, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general. In 1861 Col. Craig furnished to congress, at its request, an account of the arms transferred by Secretary John B. Floyd to southern arsenals in the year 1860. — His nephew, Isaac Eugene, artist, b. near Pitts- burg, Pa., about 1830. After studying art in Pitts- burg and Philadelphia, he went to Europe in 1853, intending to devote himself to the German school, but changed his mind after spending a few days in the Louvre, and remained in Paris for study. He returned to the United States in 1855, but went to Europe again in 1863, and finally settled in Flor- ence. His works have rarely been exhibited in public. They include " Saul and David " ; " The Emigrant's Grave " ; " Daughter of Jairus " ; " The Brazen Serpent " ; " Pygmalion " ; " Shylock Sign- ing the Bond " ; " Peace " ; " Easter Hymn " ; and " Venus and Cupid." He has also painted a por- trait of Joel T. Hart, the Kentucky sculptor, and some characteristic and striking views of Venice.

CRAIG, James, soldier, b. in Pennsylvania, 7 May, 1830; d. in St. Joseph, Mo., 31 Oct., 1888. He studied law and removed to the west. In the Mexican war he was a captain in the Missouri mounted rifles from August, 1847, till November, 1848. He was state attorney for the twelfth judi- cial circuit in 1853-'6, and was then elected to con- gress as a democrat, serving from 7 Dec, 1857, till 3 March, 1861. President Lincoln appointed him brigadier-general of volunteers, 21 March, 1863, and he served in the west.

CRAIG, Sir James Henry, British soldier, b. in Gibraltar in 1749 ; d. 13 Jan., 1813. His father was civil and military judge at Gibraltar. At the age of fourteen the son entered the army with the rank of ensign, and in 1770 was aide-de-camp to Gen. Sir Robert Boyd, governor of Gibraltar. In 1771 he was captain of the 47th foot, with which he went to America in 1774. He was engaged in the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, where he was severely wounded, as he was also at the en- gagements at Hubbardton and Freeman's Farm. He was included in the convention at Saratoga, and was sent to Britain with despatches. In De- cember, 1777, he was appointed a major of the 82d regiment. Pie was ordered to Nova Scotia in 1778, and engaged in the operations at Penobscot in 1779. Pie occupied Wilmington, N. C, in January, 1781, and when Cornwallis surrendered in November, 1781, he abandoned that place. At this time he held the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1795 he was sent to the Cape of Good Hope, being now a ma- jor-general, in command of the expedition against that colony, and, aided by Admiral Elphinstone and Maj.-Gen. Clarke, effected its conquest. In 1797 he went to India and commanded the success- ful expedition against Manila. He was promoted lieutenant-general in January, 1801, and returned to Britain in 1803. In 1805 he was on duty at Lis- bon, Gibraltar, Malta, and Naples, and with Sir John Stuart led the Army of the Mediterranean to Sicily. In 1807, when the relations existing be- tween Great Britain and the United States were strained, he was sent over as lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada and commander-in-chief of the forces at Quebec. His official career in Canada was not suc- cessful, chiefly because of the prejudice and hatred with which the French Canadians regarded their British conquerors. The majority in tlie province showed its animus by electing to the first assembly a M. Panet, who could not speak a word of Eng- lish. At times it was impossible to secure the at- tendance of a sufficient number of members to con- duct the public business, and when they did meet it was only to contend about religion and nationali- ty. The bluff soldier found such an assembly in-