Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/806

762 studying the mines in England and continental Europe. Soon after his return to the United States he embarked in the coal business, and his mines of anthracite in Drifton, Pa., are among the most successful and best-conducted pieces of min- ing property in the state. During the summer of 1877 they were selected by the faculty of Colum- bia college school of mines as affording better fa- cilities for study than any other. As an expert on the mining and preparation of anthracite coal, and on the subject of mine surveying, Mr. Coxe had frequently lectured before scientific bodies. He had been prominent in the American institute of mining engineers, being its president from May, 1878, till February, 1880 ; also in the Institute of mechanical engineers, of which he was vice-presi- dent from April, 1880, till November, 1881 ; and he was a member of the American society of civil engineers. He published papers on technical sub- jects, chiefly in the transactions of the societies of which he was a meinber, and translated the first volume of the fourth edition of Weisbach's " Me- chanics of Engineering, and Construction of Ma- chines" (New York, 1872). From 1880 till 1884 he was a state senator in Pennsylvania.

COXE, John Redman, physician, b. in Trenton, N. J., in 1773; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 22 March. 1864. He was educated in Philadelphia, completed his classical course in Scotland, returned home in 1790, studied medicine with Dr, Rush, and, after receiving his diploma in 1794, studied in London, Paris, and Edinburgh. In 1796 he set- tled in Philadelphia, and in 1798, during the vis- itation of yellow fever, was appointed by the Board of health physician to the port. He was for several years one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania hospital, and also of the Philadel- phia dispensary. In 1809 he was elected professor of chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania, from which chair he was transferred in 1818 to that of materia medica and pharmacy, which he held until 1835. Dr. Coxe was the first to practise vaccination in Philadelphia. He published a treatise on " Inflammation " (Philadelphia, 1794) ; " Importance of Medicine " (1800) ; " Vaccination " (1800); "Combustion" (1811); " American Dispen- satory " (1827) ; " Refutation of Harvey's Claim to the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood " (1834) ; " Appeal to the Public " (1835) ; " Agaricus Atramentarius" (1842); "Recognition of Friends in Another World" (1845); and "The Writings of Hippocrates and Galen Epitomized" (1846). He edited the " Philadelphia Medical Museum " (1805-'ll), and "Emporium of Arts and Sciences," continued by Dr. Thomas Cooper (1812-'4).

COXE, Margaret, author, b. in Burlington, N. J., about 1800. She published " Claims of the Country on American Females " (Columbus, 1842) ; " Botany of the Scriptui-es " ; " Wonders of the Deep " ; and " Young Ladies' Companion."

COXE, Tench, political economist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 22 May, 1755; d. there, 17 July, 1824. His mother was a daughter of Tench Francis. His father came of a family well known in American affairs. One ancestor was a proprietor of the province of West Jersey, and sent out the first ship that ever entered the Mississippi from the gulf. Another wrote &ldquo;A Description of the Province of Carolana,&rdquo; and drew that scheme for the union of the colonies against French aggression which Franklin copied in the &ldquo;Albany Plan.&rdquo; Tench received his education in the Philadelphia schools, and intended to study law; but his father determined to make him a merchant, and he was placed in the counting-house of Coxe &amp; Furman, becoming a partner at the age of twenty-one. Those were the times that tried men's souls, and the boy proved unequal to the trial. In 1776 he resigned from the militia, turned royalist, left the city to join the British, and came back in 1777 with the army under Howe. When Howe left, Coxe was arrested and paroled. He now turned whig, and began a long political career. In 1786 he was sent to the Annapolis convention, and in 1788 to the Continental congress. He next became a federalist, and was made assistant secretary of the treasury in 1789, and commissioner of the revenue in 1792; but from this place Adams removed him. He then turned republican, and in the canvass of 1800 published Adams's famous letter to him regarding Pinckney. For this he was reviled by the federalists as a renegade, a tory, and a British guide, and was rewarded by Jefferson in 1803 with the place of purveyor of public supplies, which he held till 1812. In 1804 Coxe organized and led a party at Philadelphia opposed to the election to congress of Michael Lieb, and this brought him again into public notice. Though a republican, he was for three months daily abused by the &ldquo;Aurora&rdquo;; was called a tory, a Federal rat, a British guide who had entered Philadelphia in 1777 with laurel in his hat, and his party was nicknamed the &ldquo;quids.&rdquo; The term is commonly supposed to have been first applied to the little band led by John Randolph in 1806, but this is a mistake. The claims of Tench Coxe to remembrance are his labors in behalf of American manufactures, and his statistical writings on political economy. He deserves, indeed, to be called the father of the American cotton industry. He it was who first attempted to bring an Arkwright machine to the United States, and first urged the people of the south to give their time to raising cotton. His speech before the delegates of the constitutional convention is in the &ldquo;American Museum&rdquo; of September, 1787. His treasury papers are in the &ldquo;American State Papers&rdquo; (vol. i., Finance). His chief works are: &ldquo;An Inquiry into the Principles for a Commercial System for the United States&rdquo; (1787); &ldquo;Examination of Lord Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the United Provinces&rdquo; (1792); &ldquo;View of the United States&rdquo; (1787-'94). He wrote also on naval power, on encouragement of arts and manufactures, on the cost, trade, and manufacture of cotton, on the navigation act, and on arts and manufactures in the United States.

COZZENS, Frederick Swartwout, merchant, b. in New York citv, 5 March. 1818 ; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 23 Dec"., 1869. He was educated in New York city, trained in mercantile pursuits, began a grocery and wine business at the age of twenty-one, and became a leading wine-merchant. He introduced the Longworth wines from Ohio into the New York trade, being the first to sell native wines in that city. His leisure hours were devoted to literature, which he cultivated as a means of recreation. His earliest humorous poems and sketches were printed in 1847 in "Yankee Doodle." A series of articles that he contributed to the "Knickerbocker Magazine " he collected and published in 1853 in a volume entitled "Prismatics," under the pen-name "Richard Haywarde," which was the real name of one of his ancestors, an English Moravian missionary in America. In the "Knickerbocker Magazine" he also issued a series of humorous sketches describing the misadventures and trials of a city man, new to country life, who had purchased a rural home. They were called the "Sparrowgrass Papers," and. when published in a volume in New York iu 1856, obtained