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662 tenant-general. In June he evacuated Philadel- phia, and on his retreat through New Jersey fought an indecisive battle with Washington at Monmouth Court-House. In December, 1779, he set sail for South Carolina, taking Lord Cornwallis with him, and leaving Gen. Knyphausen in command of New York. In the spring he invested Charleston, and on 12 May succeeded in capturing that city, to- gether with the whole southern army of 6,000 men under Gen. Lincoln. This was one of the heaviest blows dealt to the Americans during the revolu- tionary war, and it may well have consoled Sir Henry Clinton for his humiliating defeat before Charleston in 1776. Leaving Cornwallis in com- mand at the south. Sir Henry returned to New York, and during the summer matured, in concert with Benedict Arnold, the famous scheme for the treasonable surrender of West Point. He accom- plished nothing more of a military nature, as his army in New York was held in virtual blockade by Washington. In October, 1781, Sir Henry set sail for Chesapeake bay with a large naval and mili- tary force, to relieve Lord Cornwallis, but did not arrive in the neighborhood until after the surren- der ; on hearing of which, without landing, he re- turned to New York. He was soon afterward superseded by Sir Guy Carleton, and returned to England in June, 1782. He was elected to parlia- ment, and afterward made governor of Limerick. In 1793 he was appointed to the command of Gib- raltar. He wrote "A Narrative of the Campaign in 1781 in North America" (London, 1783; re- printed, Philadelphia, 1865) ; a rejoinder to Lord Cornwallis's " Observations " on the aforesaid ; and "Observations on Stedman's History of the Ameri- can War" (London, 1794).

CLINTON, Joseph Jackson, A. M. E. Zion bishop, b. in Philadelphia, Pa.. 3 Oct., 1823 ; d. in Atlantic City, N. J., 24 May, 1881. He was of Afri- can servile descent, but enjoyed in his youth many advantages of education that were denied at that time to most of his race. He began his ministry in 1839, became local preacher in his church in 1840, and entered the itinerancy in 1841. He was or- dained deacon in 1844, elder in 1846, and was elected and consecrated bishop in May, 1864. Dur- ing his labors he travelled through nearly every state in the union. He was missionary bishop in the south during and after the war, and very suc- cessful in the establishment there of missions and annual conferences. Bishop Clinton was an elo- quent speaker, and possessed rare executive ability. He occasionally contributed to the press.

CLITZ, John Mellen Brady, naval officer, b. in Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., 1 Dec, 1821 ; d. in Wash- ington. D. C, 9 Oct., 1897. His father fought at Fort Erie, 17 Sept., 1814, and died in command of Fort Mackinac, 6 Nov., 1836. The son entered the navy as a midshipman in 1837, became passed midshipman in 1843, and was on the bomb-brig " Heela " at the capitulation of Vera Cruz and the capture of Tuxpan in the Mexican war. He was made lieutenant, 6 April, 1851 ; commander, 16 July, 1803, and commanded at different times the blockading steamers " Penobscot," ''Juniata," and " Osceola." He was in both attacks on Fort Fisher, and was recommended for promotion in Admiral Porter's commendatory despatch of 28 Jan., 1865. He was commissioned captain, 25 July, 1866, did ordnance duty at the Brooklyn navy- yard in 1870, and was made commodore on 28 Dec, 1872. He was promoted to rear-admiral, 13 March, 1880, commanded the Asiatic station, and was placed on the retired list in 1884. — His brother, Henry Boynton, soldier, b. in Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., 4 July, 1824; disappeared, 13 Oct., 1889, was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1845. He served during the war with Mexico," and was brevetted first lieutenant for gallant conduct at Cerro Gordo. From 1848 till 1855 he was assistant instructor of infantry tactics at West Point. He then served on various frontier posts until the beginning of the civil war, having been made captain in the 3d infantry, 6 Dec, 1858. While on leave in 1859 and 1860 he travelled ex- tensively in Europe. He took part in the defence of Fort Pickens. Fla., in 1861, became major on 14 May of that year, and was engaged in the peninsu- lar campaign at Yorktown, where he was wounded, and in the battle of Gaines's Mills he was twice wounded and taken prisoner. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, 27 June, 1862, for his gallantry at Gaines's Mills, and after a month in Libby prison, was exchanged, and made commandant at West Point, where he I'emained till 1864, afterward doing garrison duty till the close of the war. He was made lieutenant-colonel of the 6th infantry, 4 Nov., 1863, and brevetted colonel and brigadier- general, 13 March, 1865, for his services during the war. After that time he commanded at vari- ous posts. He was made colonel of the 10th in- fantry, 22 Feb., 1869, and placed on the retired list, 1 July, 1885, at his own request, having been in the service^forty vears.

CLOREVIERE. Father, clergyman, b. in Brit- tany in 1768; d. in Baltimore in 1826. He was educated with Chateaubriand, and entered the army of Louis XVI. He took part in the Vendean revolt, and was a general under Cadoual. Being implicated in a conspiracy against the first consul, he escaped to the United States. He entered the seminary in Baltimore in 1808, was ordained in 1812, and was then sent to Charleston to arrange some differences between the laity and the clergy. He returned in 1820 to Baltimore, "where he founded the Convent of the visitation.

CLOSSE, Raphael Lambert, Canadian soldier, b. in St. Denis de Mogres, near Tours, France, about 1620; d. in Montreal, 6 Feb., 1662. He came to Canada with Maisonneuve in 1642, and was made sergeant-major of the garrison of Mon- treal, acting as notary in times of peace. This set- tlement was exposed to attack from Indians, and he soon became noted for his skill in fighting the hostile tribes. He trained his men as sharp-shoot- ers, and armed them with musket, pistol, and sword. Each was instructed to pick his man, shoot him with the musket, then rush on and take another with the pistol, using the sword at close quarters, and gaining the cover of the trees when possible. By such tactics, when once sent with twenty men to rescue four who were besieged in a redoubt at Point St. Charles, he routed the hostile force, killing thirty-two of them, though he lost four of his men at the first fire. On 26 July, 1651, with sixteen men, after an engagement that lasted all day, he defeated a party of Indians that had jienetrated to the Plotel Dieu in Montreal. On 14 Oct., 1652, he contended with a force of 300 Iro- quois near the fort, and, protected by an old hut, defeated them with a loss of fifty killed and thirty- seven wounded, his own loss being but one killed and one wounded out of a force of thirty-four. In 1655 he was acting governor of Montreal during the absence of Maisonneuve. On 6 Feb., 1662, he was sent with twelve soldiers to rescue some work- men who had been attacked by Iroquois ; but he was deserted by his servant, his pistol missing fire, and he was killed, together with three of his partv- In 1658 the fief of St. Lambert was bestowed upon