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636 During the war she wrote the " Battle of Manas- sas," " Battle of Hampton Roads," " Rebel Sock," and other war lyrics. She also published elegant and faithful translations from Victor Hugo, translated "Marguerite, or Two Loves." and published prose articles signed " Stuart Leigh." After the peace, " General Sherman in Raleigh " and "The South Expects Every Woman to do her Duty " appeared in " The Old Guard," published in New York ; novelettes in " Demorest's Monthly " and " Peterson's Magazine " ; " Social Reminis- cences of Noted North Carolinians," and other ar- ticles in " The Land We Love " ; and numerous contributions in " Literary Pastime," a weekly journal printed in Richmond, of which she was associate editor. Mrs. Clarke published a poem entitled " Clytie and Zenobia, or the Lily and the Palm " (New York, 1870).

CLARKE, Newman S., soldier, b. in Connecti- cut ; d. in San Francisco, Cal., 17 Oct., 1860. He was appointed from Vermont an ensign in the 11th infantry, 12 March, 1812, became a lieutenant in March following, first lieutenant, 15 Aug., 1813, served as adjutant in 1813, and as brigade-major to Gen. Ripley in 1814, was brevetted captain for gallantry in the battle of Niagara, 25 July, 1814, pronioted to a captaincy, 7 Oct., 1814, became a major, 21 July, 1834, lieutenant-colonel, 7 July, 1838, and colonel, 29 June, 1846. He commanded a brigade in Mexico in 1847, and received the bre- vet of brigadier-general, 29 March, 1847, for gallant conduct at the siege of Vera Cruz.

CLARKE, Richard, merchant, b. about 1708 ; d. in England in 1795. He was graduated at Har- vard in 1729. He became a merchant in Boston, and he and his sons were consignees of part of the tea that was thrown overboard by the " tea-party " in Boston harbor in December, 1773. Having been harshly used by the whigs, he left Boston for Eng- land, arriving in that country on 24 Dec, 1775. He was one of the original members of the Loyal- ist club, which was organized in the following year. He lived with his son-in-law Copley, the painter, in Leicester square, London.

CLARKE, Richard Henry, lawyer, b. in Wash- ington, D. C, 3 July, 1827. He is descended from one of the founders of Maryland, was graduated at Georgetown college in 1846, studied law, and practised in Washington, where he tried success- fully the ease establishing the validity of building associations. He removed in 1864 to New York city, and was associated with Charles O'Conor in the Forrest divorce case, the Jumel will case, and the suit of the U. S. government against Jefferson Davis. Dr. Clarke is an officer in various Catholic societies, and has been an active supporter of civil service reform, free-trade, the temperance cause, freedom of worship in public institutions, and legal reform. He has published biographical sketches of American Roman Catholics in this work, con- troversial pamphlets, and numerous papers in the " Catholic World " and other journals ; " Lives of the Deceased Bishops of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States" (3 vols., New York, 1872-88) ; and " Old and New Lights on Colum- bus " (Philadelphia, 1893).

CLARKE, Robert, surveyor, b. in London, England, early in the 17th century; d. in Mary- land. He was the son of Walter Clarke, London, and came to Maryland some years before the set- tlement of St. Mary's was founded. In 1639 he sat as a freeman in the Maryland legislature, in 1640 was deputy surveyor, and in 1649 surveyor- general of the province. In his last capacity he was ex-officio a member of the privy council, and sat in the assembly of 1649 and voted for the tol- eration act. He was also a friend of the Indians, and as steward of the manor of Calverton, an es- tate of 10,000 acres, which was set aside by the colony for the habitation of the Indians, he held the court-baron of the manor. In the battle of the Severn he was one of the defenders of the govern- ment against the Puritan revolution in Maryland. He was taken prisoner, tried by a council of war, and, although his life was spared " by the petitions of the women," he was heavily fined. His estates were confiscated, and he died poor. In the pro- ceedings of the provincial court, October term, 1655, is this entry : " Robert Clarke, gentleman, hath openly in court confessed himself to be a Ro- man Catholic, owning the pope's supremacy." The date of his death is unknown.

CLARKE, Robert, publisher, b. in Annan, Scotland, 1 May, 1829 ; d. in Cincinnati. 26 Aug., 1899. He removed with his parents to Cincinnati, was educated at Woodward college, and became a book- seller and publisher in that city. He edited " Coh George Rogers Clarke's Campaign in the Illinois in 1778-'9 " (Cincinnati, 1869) ; James McBride's " Pioneer Biographies " (1869) ; " Captain James Smith's Captivity with the Indians" (1870); and is the author of a pamphlet entitled "The Pre- Historic Remains which were found on the Site of the City of Cincinnati, with a Vindication of the Cincinnati Tablet" (printed privately, 1876).

CLARKE, Samuel, English clergyman, b. in Warwickshire in 1599 ; d. in 1682. He was pastor of St. Bennet Fink, London, until ejected in 1662, and published, besides theological works and a famous "General Martyrology," "A True and Faithful Account of the Four Chiefest Plantations of the English in America " (London, 1670), and " New Description of the World " (1689).

CLARKE, Samuel Fessenden, naturalist, b. in Geneva, 111., 4 June, 1851. He was graduated at the Sheffield scientific school in 1878, where during 1874-'6 he had been instructor. During 1874-'5 he was assistant to the U. S. fish commis- sion, and from 1879 till 1881 assistant in the bio- logical laboratory at Johns Hopkins university, from which in 1879 he received the degree of Ph. D. In 1882 he became lecturer in biology at Smith college, and also professor of natural sciences at Williams college. His published papers include "New and Rare Species of Hydroids from the New England Coast" (1875); "New Hydroids of the Pacific Coast of the United States South of Vancouver's Island" (1876); "Hydroids of Alas- ka" (1876); "Hydroids of the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico " (1879) ; " Development of Ambly- stoma Punctatum " (1879) ; " The Early Develop- ment of the Wollfian Body in Amblystoma Punc- tatuin " (1881) ; and " The Development of a Double-Headed Vertebrate" (1880). Prof. Clarke is a member of several scientific societies.

CLARKE, Walter, colonial governor of Rhode Island, lived in the 17th century. He was deputy governor in 1675, was elected governor in May,1676, again deputy from 1679 until 1686, when he became governor. When Sir Edmund Andros in 1686 demanded the charter of Rhode Island, Clarke asked for delay until a fitter season; but, on the command of the royal governor in January, 1687, he allowed the government to be dissolved, continuing to act as governor under the royal commissioner, and accepted a place in the general council for New England. When Andros returned from Connecticut "in November, Gov. Clarke received him with courtesy and gave up the seal of the colony to be broken, but sent the charter to his