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Rh 1857, which was sold at the John Tavlor Johnston sale in New York, 1876, for $12,500, to the Corcoran gallery, Washington. It was exhibited through- out the United States and Europe, and was awarded a medal of the second class at the Exposition uni- verselle, Paris, in 1867. Mr. Church has studios in New York and in Hudson, but generally spends his winters in Mexico. His principal works are "Andes of Ecuador " (1855) ; " Niagara " (1857) ; " Heart of the Andes " (1859) ; " Icebergs "' (1861) ; "Cotopaxi" (1862): "Chimborazo" (1864); "St. Thomas in tlie Vale, Jamaica " ; " Niagara, from the American Side" (1866); "Damascus" (1869); "Rainy Season in the Tropics"; "Jerusalem" (1870); "The Parthenon" (1871); "^1 Khasna Petra" (1872); "Tropical Moonlight" (1874); " ^gean Sea " ; " Valley of Santa Ysabel " (1875) ; " El Ayn " (1876) ; " Morning in the Tropics " (1877) ; " The Monastery " (1878) ; and " Valley of Santa Marta " (1879).

CHURCH, Frederick Stuart, painter, b. in Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1842. He received his art-education in the National academy and the Chicago academy. He paints in oil and water- color, and draws in black and white, and has fur- nished many illustrations for books and periodi- cals. He is a member of the National academy (1885), and of the Society of American artists. Hi's studio is in New York. His principal works are " Sea Princess " ; " Back from the Beach " (1879) ; " Muskrat's Nest " (1880) ; " Foggy Day " (1881) ; " A Willing Captive " (1883) ; " Retaliation " (1884) ; " Peacocks in the Snow " (1885) ; " The Sorceress " ; and " Pegasus Captured " (1886).

CHURCH, Levi Ruggles, Canadian statesman, b. in Aylmer, 26 May, 1836. He is a grandson of Jonathan Mills Church, who, at the beginning of the Revolutionary war, espoused the royalist side, and was taken prisoner in 1777. Subsequently he effected his escape to Canada, and ultimately set- tled at Brockville. Levi Ruggles Church was edu- cated at Victoria university, Cobourg, graduated in medicine at Albany medical college, and at McGiU university, where he took primary, final, and thesis prizes. He afterward studied law, was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada, and was ap- pointed queen's counsel in 1874. On 22 Sept., 1874, he was appointed a member of the executive coun- cil of Lower Canada, and was attorney-general from that date until transferred to the treasurer- ship on 27 Jan., 1876. He held the latter office until the ministry was dismissed by the lieutenant- governor, Luc Letellier de St. Just, in 1878. Dur- ing the summer of 1876 he visited England on financial business, and successfully negotiated a large provincial loan. He is a member of the law firm of Fleming, Church & Kenney, Aylmer, and is a conservative in politics.

CHURCH, Pharcellus, clergyman, b. in Sene- ca, near Geneva, N. Y., 11 Aug., 1801; d. in Tarry- town, N. Y., 5 June, 1886. He was graduated at Madison university in 1824, where, in 1847, he re- ceived the degree of D. D. After studying the- ology, he was ordained and held pastorates in Provi- dence, R. I., New Orleans, La., Rochester, N. Y., Boston, Mass., and elsewhere. He edited the " New York Chronicle" from 1854 till 1865, and con- tinued to the end of his life one of the proprietors of the " Examiner," with which that paper was consolidated. He went to Europe in 1846 as a delegate to the Evangelical alliance, and resided abroad for several years. After his retirement as editor, he engaged in linguistic and other studies. While at Rochester he originated the movement that resulted in the establishment of Rochester university, and otherwise was a conspicuous figure in western New York. In Boston he was an asso- ciate editor of the " Watchman and Reflector." Until his death he was busy with literary work, his efforts being directed more especially to the promotion of Christian union. Dr. Church's pub- lished works, besides many sermons and addresses, were "Philosophy of Benevolence" (New York, 1836) ; a prize essay on " Religious Dissensions : their Cause and Cure" (1838); "Antioch; or In- ci'ease of Moral Power in the Church " (Boston, 1843) ; " Life of Theodosia Dean" (1851) ; " Maple- ton; or More Work for the Maine Law" (1852); and " Seed Truths ; or Bible Views of Mind, Morals, and Religion " (New York and Edinburgh, 1871). — His son, William Conant, publisher, b. in Roch- ester, N. Y., 11 Aug., 1836, removed to Boston, Mass., in 1848, and completed his education at the Boston Latin-school in 1851. In 1853 he removed to New York and engaged with his father in edit- ing and publishing the " New York Chronicle," afterward merged with the " Examiner," in which he retained a proprietary interest. He became the publisher of the New York "Sun" in 1860, and served as war correspondent of the New York "Times" during 1861-'2, until his appointment, on 4 Oct., 1862, as captain of U. S. volunteers. He received the brevets of major and lieutenant-colonel on 11 March, 1865. In 1882 he was appointed one of the commissioners to inspect the Northern Pa- cific railroad. In 1863, with his brother Francis, he established the " Army and Navy Journal," of which he is at present editor and proprietor, and in 1 866 the " Galaxy " magazine. He has published lives of John Ericsson and Gen. U. S. Grant. — Another son, Francis Pharcellus, editor, b. in Rochester, N. Y., 22 Feb., 1839, was graduated at Columbia in 1859, and, after studying law, became one of the editors and publishers of the " Army and Navy Journal," and later, with his brother, founded and edited the " Galaxy " magazine. He is also a leading editorial writer for New York daily journals. — Another son, John Adams, min- ing engineer, b. in Rochester, N. Y., 5 April, 1843, was graduated at the Columbia school of mines in 1867. The years 1868-'70 were spent in study in Europe, and on his return he served as professor of mineralogy and metallurgy p7'o tern, in the School of mines, and as editor of the " Engineering and Mining Journal " during 1872-4. In 1878, while attached to the U. S. geographical and geological survey west of the 100th meridian, he examined the Comstock silver lode in Nevada (his result being printed privately), and was elected professor of mining and metallurgy in the State university of Ohio, at Columbus, tie became superintendent for the Tombstone mill and mining company at Tombstone, Arizona, in 1881, and has since been engaged as a mining engineer. He has published " The Mining Schools of the United States " (a pamphlet, New York, 1871); "Notes on a Metallurgical Journal in Europe" (1873); "The Comstock Lode " (1880) ; and " Report upon the Striking of Artesian Water, Sulphur Spring Valley, Arizona " (published bv the territorv, 1883).

CHURCH, Sanford Elias, jurist, b. in Milford, Otsego CO., N. Y., 18 April, 1815 ; d. in Albion, N. Y., 14 May, 1880. He received an academic edu- cation, studied law, and settled in Albion. In 1842 he was a member of the state assembly from Orleans co., and from that time he was active in the support of the democratic party. He was dis- trict attorney for his county in 1846-'7, lieutenant- governor in 1851-'5, comptroller of the state, 1858-'9, and a member of the State constitutional