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594 cock," was engaged in the capture of eight pirate schooneis, one ol" them heavily armed, oif Bahia Honda, Cuba. He was ordered to command one of the prizes. Having been appointed acting lieu- tenant in 1823, he was assigned to the " Ontario," of the Mediterranean squadron, in 1824, and re- ceived his commission as lieutenant, 13 Jan., 1825. He became commander, 8 Sept., 1841, and was in- spector of ordnance at Washington from 1847 till 1850. He was promoted to captain, 14 Sept., 1855, assigned to the " Susquehanna " in 1861, and en- gaged at Forts Hatteras and Clark. He com- manded the blockade of the sounds of Virginia and North Carolina in September, 1861, became commodore, 16 July, 1862, and was on special ser- vice for the rest of the war. He was retired from active service on 4 April, 1869.

CHAUNCY, Charles, educator, b. in Yardley- bury, Hertfordshire, England, in 1592 ; d. 19 Feb., 1672. He came of an old English family, was at Westminster school at the time of the gunpowder- plot, and would have perished had it been success- ful. He was graduated at Cambridge in 1613, be- came a fellow of his college, and was professor of Hebrew, and afterward of Greek, there. He left this place to become pastor at Marston-Laurence, Northamptonshire, but in 1627 became vicar of Ware, where his puritanical opinions soon made him obnoxious to his ecclesiastical superiors. In 1629 he was accused of asserting in a sermon that " idolatry was admitted into the church," and that " there was a great increase of atheism, ))opory, and Arminianism " there. He was required by liisliop Laud to make a submission in Latin ; but whether this order was obeyed or not is uncertain. He was again brought before the high commission court in 1635, charged with opposing the erection of an altar-rail as " a snare to men's consciences." For this he was sentenced to suspension and imprison- ment until he should publicly acknowledge his offence, and made to pay the costs of the trial, which were heavy. His courage failing him, he made recantation in open court, a step that he never ceased to regret. He wrote a long " Retrac- tation" in 1637, which was published in London in 1641. He was finally silenced in 1637 for refusing to read Laud's book of " Lawful Sunday Sports," and took refuge in New England, arriving at Plymouth in May, 1638. His peculiar views on baptism and the communion alone prevented his being called there as a pastor, and about 1641 he was settled as minister in Scituate, Mass. Here he remained about twelve j'ears, suffering from inade- quate support, when, ecclesiastical affairs in Eng- land having undergone a change, he resolved to accept the invitation of his congregation at Ware to resume his pastorate there. He went to Boston to embark for England, but was offered the presi- dency of Harvard, made vacant- by the death of the first president, Dr. Diinster, and accepted, 27 Nov., 1654. He held this office till his death, and many of his pupils became distinguished men. He was held in high estimation at Cambridge, and Cotton Mather says that when he had been a year or two in the town " the church kept a whole day of thanksgiving to God for the mercy which they had enjoyed in his being there." President Chauncy is supposed to be the ancestor of all in this country that bear his name (spelled either Chauncey or Chauncy). He was a man of great industry and learning, and possessed some skill as a physician. In one of his sermons he speaks of the wearing of long hair as " a heathenish prac- tice," and as " one of the crying sins of the land." Se had six sons, all graduates of Harvard. He published numerous sermons, including "Twenty- six Sermons on Justification " (1659), some Latin and Greek verses, and " Antisynodalia Ameri- cana," in opposition to the synod of 1662, which sanctioned the admission to the church of all bap- tized persons, even if they had not professed a " change of heart." — His grandson, Natliauiel, b, in Hatfield, Mass., 26 Sept., 1681 ; d. 1 Feb., 1756, was graduated in 1702 at Yale, of which his uncle. Rev. Israel Chauncy, was one of the founders. He was the first graduate that had not previously taken a degree elsewhere, and the only one in that year. He held various pastorates, became a fellow of Yale, and published several sermons. President Chauncy's great-grandson, Charles, clergyman, b. in Boston, Mass., 1 Jan., 1705; d. 10 Feb., 1787, was graduated at Harvard in 1721, and studied theology. He was ordained pastor of the first church in Boston, as the colleague of Mr. Fox- croft, and remained there till his death. In 1742 he received the degree of D. D. from Edinburgh university. Dr. Chauncy sternly opposed the religious excitement attending the preaching of Whitefield, and combated the j^roposed establish- ment of the episcopacy in the colonies. He was an earnest patriot during the revolution, a man of much learning and piety, and an active contro- versialist. He adopted a studied plainness in his sermons, being averse to all effort of the imagina- tion, ami is said to have expressed a wish that some one would translate " Paradise Lost " into prose, so that he could understand it. Among his numer- ous publications are " Discourse on Enthusiasm " (1742); "Thoughts on the State of Religion in New England " (1743) ; " Letters to the Rev. George Whitefield" (1744 and 1745); "Dudleian Lecture at Harvard College " (1762); "Thanksgiving Ser- mon on the Repeal of the St;imp-Act " and " Re- marks on the Bishop of Llandaff's Sermon " (1767) ; "Complete View of Episcopacy" (1771); "The Mystery hid from Ages, or the Salvation of all Men " and " Benevolence of the Deity, Fairly and Impartially Considered "(1784); and "Five Disser- tations on the Fall and its Consequences" (1785).

CHAUVEAU, Pierre Joseph Olivier, Canadian statesman, b. in Quebec, 30 May, 1820 ; d. there, 4 April, 1890. He was educated at the seminary of Quebec, and admitted to the bar. In 1844 he entered parliament as a reform member for Quebec county ; in 1851 became solicitor-general for Lower Canada in the Hincks-Morin administration, in 1853 accepted the office of provincial secretary; became a member of the executive council in 1853, and superintendent of education for the province of Quebec in 1855. After the confederation in 1867, Mr. Chauveau was elected by Quebec county to both the Dominion house of commons and the Quebec house of assembly. He became premier of Quebec in 1867, and resigned in 1873, owing to differences with his cabinet. He was appointed speaker of the senate, 21 Feb., 1873, and remained in that office until the conservatives went out of power in 1874, when his commission was revoked by the Mackenzie administration. Mr. Chauveau resigned his seat in the senate in order to contest the representation of Charlevoix in the house of commons, but was defeated. In 1876 he became president of the Quebec harbor commission, and in 1877 sheriff of Montreal. In 1849 he moved for the appointment of a committee to investigate the subject of French-Canadian emigration to the United States, and, with a colleague, prepared the report of the committee, many of the recommendations of which have been carried out. During his term of office as superintendent of public