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580 topic, social or political, that affects the well-being of mankind. In 1856 he received the degree of S. T. D. from Harvard, and in 1878 that of LL. D. from Tufts. He was a trustee of Bellevue medical college and hospital and a member of many societies. The Chapin Home for aged and indigent men and women, named in his honor, remains a monument to his memory. In 1872 he succeeded Dr. Emerson as editor of the "Christian Leader." The closing years of his life were marked by failing physical powers, though his mind was as brilliant as ever. He travelled in Europe, but was unable to regain his wonted vigor, and for a long time before his death he suffered from nervous depres- sion that no doubt hastened the end. Most of his sermons and lectures were collected and published in book form. The titles are " Hours of Com- munion" (New York, 1844); "Discourses on the Lord's Prayer " (1850) ; " Characters in the Gos- pels " (1852) ; " Moral Aspects of City Life " (1853) ; "Discourses on the Beatitudes " (1853) ; " True Manliness " (New York, 1854) ; " Duties of Young Men" (1855); "The Crown of Thorns— a Token for the Suffering," probably the most widely read of his books (18G0) ; " Living Words " (Boston, 1861); " The Gathering " — memorial of a meeting of the Chapin family (Springfield, Mass., 1862) ; " Humanity in the City " ; " Providence and Life " ; and " Discourses on the Book of Proverbs." With John G. Adams as his associate, he compiled "Hymns for Christian Devotion" (1870).

CHAPIN, Henry, lawyer, b. in Upton, Mass. 13 May, 1811 ; d. in Worcester, Mass., 13 Oct., 1878. He was graduated at Brown in 1835, and at Harvard law-school in 1838, after which he was admitted to the bar. From 1838 till 1846 he prac- tised in Uxbridge, Mass., and then in Worcester, where he became a partner of Rejoice Newton. He took an active interest in politics, and rep- resented Uxbridge in the state legislature during 1845. In 1849-'50 he was mayor of Worcester, and in 1853 a member of the constitutional convention. He became a commissioner under the "personal liberty law " in 1855, later a commissioner of in- solvency, and in 1858 was appointed judge of the court of probate and insolvency. For many years he was a member of the State board of education, also one of the trustees of the State lunatic asylum in Worcester, and a director of the City national bank. He was president of the American Unita- rian association during several terms, and a mem- ber of the council of the national conference.

CHAPIN, Stephen, clergyman, b. in Milford, Mass., 4 Nov., 1778; d. 1 bet., 1845. He was graduated at Harvard in 1804, and studied theolo- gy with the Rev. Nathaniel Emmons, Franklin, Mass. He was ordained as a Congregational min- ister in 1805, but subsequently changed his views on the mode and subjects of baptism and entered the Baptist ministry, at North Yarmouth, Me., in 1819. In 1822 he accepted the professorship of theology in Waterville (now Colby university), Me. In 1828 he was called to the presidency of Colum- bian college, Washington, D. C, an office which he held until 1841, when he retired on accovmt of declining health. In Washington, Dr. Chapin was intimately associated with many of the distin- guished statesmen of his day. A few published sermons, tracts, and essays are all that remain to show his ability and culture. Among these are " Letters on the Mode and Subjects of Baptism " ; " The Duty of Living for the Good of Posterity " ; a discourse in connnemoration of the second cen- tennial of the landing of the forefathers of New England ; " An Inaugural Address," which he de- livered as president of Columbian college ; and a letter to President Van Buren " On tlie Proper Disposition of the Smithsonian Bequest." He had received the degree of I). D.

CHAPLEAU, Joseph Adolphe, Canadian statesman, b. in Terrebonne. Quebec, 9 Nov., 1840; d. in Montreal, 13 June, 1898. On leaving college at Terrebonne, he went to Montreal, and was one of the brilliant young men of the period. He became private secretary to D. B. Vigor, a promi- nent Lower Canada statesman, and afterward founded a newspaper in Montreal called the " Colo- nisateur." He was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in 1861, and rapidly distinguished himself in the criminal courts. He has always remained a staunch adherent of the conservative party. The question of Canadian confederation caused many of the young members of the party to " bolt " ; but Chapleau became a strong advocate of confed- eration. In 1867 he set out for his native county of Terrebonne, with only ten shillings in his pocket, to contest the representation of the county in the first legislature of the province of Quebec. His friend and political leader, Sir George Cartier, supported his opponent, fearing that " Chapleau would be spoiled " by a victory. Yet Chapleau by his elo- quence carried the county. As an orator he has no equal among French-Canadians ; and on the occasion of a banquet given to him by the mer- chants of Bordeaux, France, his oratory was de- clared by French critics to be equal to that of Gambetta in his best days. He became Queen's counsel in 1873, and in 1874 achieved some celeb- rity as counsel for the rebels Lepine and Nault, Louis Riel's associates, charged with the murder of Scott. In 1873 he was appointed solicitor-gen- eral in Mr. Ouimet's cabinet. During the provin- cial elections of 1875 he was deputed as the cham- pion speaker of the conservatives, to meet the liberal leadei", Mr. Joly, in a meeting at St. Croix, and achieved such success that he was immediate- ly called into the De Boucherville ministry as pro- vincial secretary and registrar. When the govern- ment was dismissed by Lieut.-Gov. Luc Letellier De St. Just in 1878, and Mr. Auger, the conserva- tive leader, was defeated at the subsequent elec- tions, a great caucus was held in Montreal, and Mr. Chapleau was elected leader of the party. He led it in opposition until the defeat of the Joly government in 1879, when he became premier of Quebec and minister of agriculture and public works. A few months later he was invited to enter the Dominion cabinet, but declined on the ground that the party was not strong enough in Quebec for him to leave it. In 1882 the offer was renewed, and the party being stronger in Quebec, and his health failing, he resigned the premiership, his portfolio, and his seat in the Quebec legisla- ture, to enter Sir John A. Macdonald's govern- ment. On 29 July, 1882, he was sworn of the privy council, and became secretary of state of Canada. He was elected to the house of commons for the coimty of Terrebonne in the following month. The French-Canadian conservatives in the Dominion parliament are divided into two sec- tions, the ultraraontanes in religion, commonly called the Castors, following Sir Hector Langevin, Mr. Chapleau is the leader of the other section. He was at one time a professor of criminal juris- prudence, and now (1886) holds the chair of inter- national law in Laval university, Montreal section.

CHAPLIN, Ada C., author, b. in Falmouth, Mass., 25 Jan., 1842 ; d. in Mansfield, Conn.. 9 Dec, 1883. In 1860 she married the Rev. A. J. Chaplin. Her published works include "A Mind of