Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/594

560 ing Caupolican at Mount Pinto, near Concepcion, and in anotlier battle, in whieb tlie Indians lost over 6,000 men. Again Caupoliean attacked the Spaniards, but was twice defeated at the Puren passes, January and February, 1558. He took refuge in the mountains, but was discovered and made a prisoner with some other Indian chiefs, sent to Cafiete, and executed.

CAVEN, William, educator, b. in Kirkcolm, Wigtonshire, Scotland, 2(3 Dec, 1830. He emi- grated to Canada with his father in 1847, studied for the ministry of the United Presbyterian church in their seminary at London, Ontario, and was or- dained in 1852. He was appointed professor of exegetical theology and biblical criticism in Knox college, Toronto, in 1860, and chairman of the col- lege board in 1870. This title was changed to that of "principal" in 1873. Principal Caven was elected moderator of the Canada Presbyterian church in 1875, and in 1877 he succeeded Prof. Goldwin Smith as president of the Ontario teach- ers' association. He was a promoter of the union of the Presbyterian churches in Canada.

CAVENDISH, Thomas, English navigator, b. in 1504; d. in 1593. He inherited wealth from his father, who lived at Trimley St. Martin, Suffolk, but reduced himself to a state of comparative pov- erty by living at court and by his extravagance. He then determined to improve his estate at the expense of the Spanish- American colonists, and with this purpose, aided by others who had become interested in his design, he fitted out three vessels of forty, sixty, and one hundred and twenty tons, and sailed on 22 July, 1586, having the year before gained ex[)erience by accompanying the expedition under Lane and Sir R. Grrenville to colonize Vir- ginia. They entered the straits of Magellan, 6 Jan., 1587, and after thirty-three days succeeded in clearing the straits, having examined the coast during that time and taken observations. On the Pacific coast they captured and burned Payta, Acapulco, and other towns. Cavendish secured his richest booty in the capture of the Spanish gal- leon " Santa Anna," of 700 tons, which, together with a valuable cargo, had 122,000 Spanish dollars in its stores. He then sailed from California, crossed the Pacific to the Ladrone islands, went through the Indian archipelago and strait of Java, and around the Cape of Good Hope, reaching Eng- land on 9 Sept., 1588, having circumnavigated the globe in a shorter time than any preceding navi- gator. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth soon after reaching home, and on 26 Aug., 1591, sailed on another expedition, but stormy weather, sickness, and a mutinous crew were the principal incidents until his death, on the coast of Brazil, or on his passage home. He rendered some service to geography and topography, and wrote an ac- count of his first expedition, entitled " Voyage to Magellaniea in 1580." See " Callander's Voyages " (London, 1776).

CAXIAS, Luis Alves de Lima (kah-she'-as), Duke de, Brazilian soldier, b. in Rio de Janeiro about 1800. He entered the army while a boy, and rapidly rose to the ranks of general and baron, and subsequently became marshal, marquis, senator, and aide-de-camp of the emperor. He was twice minister of war and also president of the council, exerting great political influence as a conservative leader. He defeated Rossa in 1851, and command- ed against Lopez, 1866-'9. He was superseded by the Count d'Eu after the capture of Asuncion, and received the title of duke.

CEBALLOS, José (thay-bal'-yos), Mexican soldier, b. in the city of Durango, iS March, 1830. He first came into notice during the revolution, favoring the plan of Ayutla. When Benito Juarez was president of Mexico, he gave Ceballos, in 1869, the command of a regiment garrisoning Yucatan, with headquarters at Merida. A few months afterward a revolt occurred among his soldiers, who divided into two parties. With those who adhered to him he overpowered the rebels in a three days' fight. Some merchants and property- owners appeared to have been implicated in the revolt, and Ceballos, without consulting President Juarez, had them shot. Next year he was ap- pointed brigadier-general, and as such commanded the federal troops of the 1st division in the west- ern states, continued the campaign against the bandit Losada, who had again gathered 10,000 Indians after his defeat by Corona at La Mojonera. Lerdo de Tejada having become president, Ceba- llos was empowered to eft'ect the deposition of Camarena, governor of Jalisco, by force, which was accomplished after a bloody fight that lasted three days between the federal and state troops. Ceballos remained at Jalisco as governor and mili- tary chief till late in 1876, when Lerdo's govern- ment was deposed by Gen. Diaz; then he joined Iglesias, who had revolted against Lerdo while eiiief justice of the supreme court. Iglesias, Prieto, and Velasco left Mexico, and Ceballos went to San Francisco, Cal., but soon afterwaixl departed for Guatemala, where he found himself in reduced circumstances. President Barrios appointed him director of tiie military school. While in Guate- mala he plotted a revolution against Diaz, but suddenly turned to the side of Diaz, went to Mex- ico, was restored to his rank, and given the gover- norship of the federal district, which in Mexico is the highest office after that of president. Ceballos is also a senator, and is noted for his enmity to the press, having imprisoned a number of journalists and students in 1885-'0.

CELESTE (sa-laysf), or CELESTE-ELLIOT (Madame), danseuse and actress, b. in Paris, 6 Aug., 1814 ; d. in London in 1882. In childhood she became a pupil at the Royal academy, and when but fifteen years of age made a successful dehut in the United States, where she married Henry Elliot soon after her arrival. After her husbaiuVs death she went to England and achieved success in Lon- don. She subsequently passed several years in the United States between 1834 and 1865. After 1837 she made London her home, and took part in the dramas at Drury Lane, the Haymarket, Adelphi, and other theatres, and also attained success as a theatrical manager. She was noted as an actress of pantomime. Her most popular parts were La Bayadere, the French Spy, Miami in " Green Bushes," Mii'iam, and the Woman in Red. The ]>oet Fitz-Greene Halleck was among lier admirers, and made her the subject of several highly com- plimentary stanzns.

CELORON DE BIENVILLE, French explorer, b. about 1715. He was sent, by the Marquis de la Galissoniere, governor of Canada, with subordinate officers, cadets, 20 soldiers, 180 Canadians, and 45 Cherokees and Abanakes, to take possession for France of the Ohio valley and prevent the English Ohio company from acquiring it by right of prior settlement. The expedition left Laehine on 15 June, 1749, ascended the St. Lawrence, crossed Lake Ontario, reached Niagara on 6 July, sailed along the south shore of Lake Erie, marched to the head-waters of the Alleghany, and ascended that river and the Ohio. Finding English traders at different points, Celoron warned them to withdraw, and wrote to the governor of Pennsylvania, claiming