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Rh delphia. 1835), and a work entitled "Elementos de Geografia."

CASTLE, Frederick Albert, physician, b. in Fabius, N. Y., 29 April, 1842. He received a com- mon-school education in his native town, and in the Rochester, N. Y., higla school, after which he matricidated in the Albany medical college. Soon after the beginning of tlie war he became a medical cadet in the U. S. army, and was stationed at the Carver general hospital in Washington during 1862-'3. From 1863 till the close of the war he was acting assistant surgeon in the navy, and served on board the " Gen. Bragg," a steamer at- tached to the lower Mississippi squadron. He was graduated at the Bellevue hospital medical college in 18(56, and soon afterward settled in New York city. Dr. Castle has held various hospital appoint- ments, and has been connected with tlie Bellevue hospital medical college as assistant demonstrator of anatomy, instructor in the summer course, as- sistant to the chair of obstetrics and diseases of women and children, lecturer on diseases of infants and obstetric operations, and on pharmacology. Besides being a member of numerous medical and pharmaceutical societies, he was one of the com- mittee of revision and publication of the Pharma- copoeia of the United States in 1880. He was on the editorial staff of " The Medical Record " from 1872 till 1876, and edited "New Remedies" from October, 1873, until it became the " American Drug- gist," of which he continues to be the editor. He has published papers and editorial articles in " The Medical Record," " Boston Medical and Surgical Journal," and other journals, and also, with Dr. Leroy M. Yale, a *' Report on the Epidemic of Cholera on Blackwell's Island in 1866," and has edited " Wood's Household Practice of Medicine, Hygiene, and Surgery" (2 vols., New York, 1880), and the first and second decennial catalogues of Bellevue hospital medical college.

CASTLE, John Harvard, clergyrnan, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 27 March, 1830. He was gradu- ated at Lewisburg university. Pa., in 1851, and at the Rochester theological seminary in 1853. In 1866 the Lewisburg i;niversity bestowed upon him the degree of D. D. After pastorates in Pottsville, Pa., Newburg, N. Y., and one of fourteen years in Philadelphia, he removed to Toronto, Canada, where he became pastor of the Bond street Baptist church in 1873, and in 1881 was called to the presi- dency of McMaster hall, the Baptist theological seminary founded in that city. He has travelled extensivelv in Europe. ,

CASTORENA Y URSUA, Juan Ignacio (cas-to-ray'-nah e oor-soo'-ah), Mexican bishop, b. in Zacatecas in 1668 ; d. in Merida, Yucatan, in 1733. He studied in the College of San Ildefonso, was graduated at the University of Mexico, went to Spain, and received the degree of theological doc- tor at Avila. On his return to the city of Mexico he was appointed canon of the cathedral and pro- fessor of Holy Scriptures, vicai'-general of the convents of nuns, and also honorary chaplain and preacher to Charles II. He was made bishop of Yucatan in 1729, and his consecration took place in the city of Mexico in the following year. Cas- torena may be called the first journalist of Mexico, as he really was the first that published a newspa- per there in 1720. He left a large number of print- ed and manuscript works, all of them on religious subjects, his " Comentaria in Evangelicum Vatem Esaiam " being the most important.

CASTRIES, Arniand Charles Angustin, Due de (kas'-tre'), soldier, b. in April, 1750; d. in 1842. He was a son of the Marshal de Castries, and commanded a regiment under Rochambeau in the United States, where he was known as the Count de Charlus. He was made brigadier-general in 1782, and received the title of Duke de Castries in 1784. He was deputy to the national assembly in 1789, and defended the monarchy with such en- ergy as occasioned a duel with Charles Lameth. In 1794 he raised a corps of emigrants in the pay of England, returned to France with Louis XVIIL, and was made a peer and lieutenant-general. He was governor of Rouen when Napoleon returned from Elba, in March, 1815, and made strenuous efforts in the cause of royalty.

CASTRO, Agustin, Mexican Jesuit, b. in Cor- dova, state of Vera Cruz, 24 Jan., 1728 ; d. in Bo- logna, Italy, in 1790. He studied in the cities of Puebla and Mexico, and was noted for his extra- ordinary accomplishments as a student. Having entered the Jesuit order in 1748, he was ordained priest at Puebla, and thence went to the city of Mexico, distinguishing himself as an orator. He then taught philosophy at Queretaro. and intro- duced in his lessons the teachings of Cartesius, Leibnitz, and Newton. He also served his order, and was a professor at Valladolid, Oaxaca, Guada- lajara, and Merida, where he established the first chair of canon and civil law. After the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Spanish dominions, Castro went to Italy, settled at Ferrara, and was rector of the Jesuits for twenty-three years. He wrote many works, mostly in verse, noted for their clas- sical character and correct style. His works in prose include " Tratado de la Prosodia," " Historia de la Literatura Mejicana despues de la Conquista," and " Jiiicio sobre las Odas de Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz." Among those in verse are '• Hernan Cortes," an epic ; " Cartas," a treatise on the art of poetry, and translations into Spanish verse of Fenelon's " Telemachus," Phoedre's " Fables," Sen- eca's " Troades," several tragedies of Euripides, satires of Juvenal and Horace, some odes of Ana- creon. and the two of Sapfiho. and many works of Virgil, Milton, Young. Pope, and Ossian.

CASTRO, Andres, Spanish grammarian, b. in Burgos about 1500; d. in Tolina in 1577. He en- tered the Franciscan order, and was for many years a missionary in Spanish America, principally in New Spain (Mexico). He made a special and thorough study of the languages used by the Mexican In- dians, and wrote several books, those better known being "Arte de aprender las lenguas mejicana y matlazinca " ; " Vocabulario de la lengua matla- zinca " ; " Sermones," and " Doctrina cristiana," these two latter works, the sermons and the cate- chism, in the Matlazinca language.

CASTRO, Henri, pioneer, b. in France in 1786; d, in Monterey, Mexico, in 1861. He was of Portuguese descent, was an officer of the Paris national guard in 1814, and, after the overthrow of Napoleon, came to the United States, where he was naturalized, and appointed in 1827 Neapolitan consul at Providence, R. I. He went to Paris in 1838 as a partner in the banking-house of Lafitte, and in 1842 became consul-general in that city for Texas. Having received a grant of land on the banks of Medina river, he began in 1840 to send out emigrants to Galveston, and in 1844 established a settlement on the site of the present town of Castroville. During the next two years founded Quihi and Vandenberg. The number of his emigrant vessels amounted in 1846 to twenty-six, which brought over 485 families and 457 single persons, chiefly Alsatians, In 1847 he founded Dhanis. His settlements subsequently constituted Medina co., with Castroville as the capital.