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546 self to the course of the river, and, as Father Carvajal protested against his treachery, he put him ashore and sailed away. Here the missionary was reduced to the last extremity, when Gonzalo, im- patient at the delay of Orellana, set out in search of his vessel and discovered him. The expedition then returned to Quito, having suffered a loss of 320 out of 400 men. Father Carvajal was elected sub-prior of the convent of San Rosario in Lima, and while in this place he was chosen to arbitrate between the viceroy, Blasco de Nufiez, and the auditors of the royal audience in 1554, but was un- successful. After the pacification of the country, he was sent by his superiors to the mission of Tucuman, and appointed protector of the Indians in this country. He labored for years in this im- mense territory and converted most of the natives to Christianity. In 1553 he was instituted preach- er-general of the convent of Huamanga, and vicar- national of the province of Tucuman. He intro- duced several bodies of Dominicans into his prov- ince, and by their aid founded Indian towns and nine Spanish colonies. He was elected provincial of Peru in 1557, and devoted the next two years to the organization of his province, and the two fol- lowing to the visitation of remote districts and the founding of new convents. In 1565 he was selected to represent his province at Rome and at the court of Spain, but it is probable he did not make the journey, as he held a chapter at Lima in 1569.

CARVER, John, governor of Plymouth colony, b. in England about 1590 : d. in Plymouth, Mass., in April, 1661. Pie joined the Puritan colony at Leyden, and was evidently a person of some promi- nence, for about September, 1617, he was sent with Cushman to England as an agent to secure from the Virginia company permission to found a colony on their territory. They took with them the declaration of their allegiance to the church and state of England, " either active, if the tiling com- manded be not against God's word ; or passive, if it be." To the same agents was eventually in- trusted the selection of a ship and preparations for the voyage. Carver was probably elected gov- ernor for the ensuing year in the harbor of Prov- incetown, J\Iass., where the " Mayflower " tempo- rarily anchored, 11 Nov., 1620. This choice was the result of long deliberation on the part of his fellow-pilgrims. He was re-elected 25 March, 1621, the beginning of a new civil year, but died sud- denly a month afterward. His sword is preserved in the collection of the Massachusetts historical so- ciety, and a chair, with other relics, is in private collections. He managed the affairs of the infant colony with great discretion during the first trying winter, when nearly half of the colony died, and his negotiations with the Indians laid the founda- tion for the generally peaceful relations that were maintained for many years.

CARVER, Jonathan, traveller, b. in Stillwater, N. Y., in 1732; d. in London, 81 Jan.. 1780. In the French war he commanded a company of pro- vincials in the expedition against Canada, and in 1763 he undertook to explore the vast territory claimed by Great Britain in North America. He left Boston in 1766, and, having reached Michili- maekinac, the remotest English post, applied to Mr. Rogers, the governor, for a supply of goods as presents for the Indians on the route he intended to follow. Having received a part of the required supply, with the promise that the remainder should be sent after him to the falls of St. Anthony, he continued his journey ; but, as the expected goods did not reach him, he was under the ne- cessity of returnmg to Prairie du Chien. Thence, in the beginning of 1767, he set out northward, with a view of finding a communication between tlie head-waters of the Mississippi and Lake Supe- rior. He reached Lake Superior, and returned, after spending several months on its north- ern and eastern bor- ders, and exploring the bays and rivers that flow into the lake. Soon after his arrival at Boston, in October 1768, at which date he had travelled nearly 7,000 miles, he set out for England " to announce his dis- coveries." On his ar- rival, he presented a petition to the king, praying for a re-imbursement of the sums he had expended; and, after undergoing an examination by the board of trade, which ordered him to surrender his papers, he received permission to publish his jour- nal. But the profits he derived from the sale were insufficient to relieve his necessities, and in the win- ter of 1779 he obtained a subsistence by acting as clerk in a lottery-office. Having sold his name to a historical compilation, which was published in a large folio volume, entitled "The New Universal Traveller" (London, 1779), containing an account of all the empires, kingdoms, and states in the known world, he was abandoned by those whose duty it was to support him. In the early part of 1780 he was reduced to poverty, and died in a state of destitution. The circumstances were made known to the public by the benevolent Dr. Lettsom, who brought out a new edition of his travels for the benefit of his widow and children, and made such a representation of the author's sufferings as finally led to the institution of the literary fund. The titles of his books are " Trav- els through the Interior Parts of North America " (London, 1778) and " Treatise on the Culture of the Tobacco Plant" (1779).

CARY, Albigence Waldo, inventor, b. in Coventry, Kent co., R. I., 23 May, 1801; d. in Brockport, N. Y., 30 Aug., 1862. He was the inventor of Cary's rotary force-pump, which was used on the first steam fire-engine in the United States, in reconstructing the southern railway after the civil war, and in the mines of California. &mdash; His son, Joseph Clinton, b. in Alexander, Genesee co., N. Y., 12 Oct., 1828; d. in Martha's Vineyard, Mass., 7 Aug., 1884. built two steam fire-engines about 1860, to which his father's pump was applied, for use in New York city. These engines propelled themselves through the streets by steam-power, and were capable, with ten men, of doing the work of five hundred with the hand-engines at that time in use. They proved to be very efficient at several large fires, and helped to save many millions of property. About 1864 Mr. Gary became a speculator in Wall street. He was the originator of the cross-town railroad running from Christopher-street ferry to the East river at Twenty-third street.

CARY, Alice, author, b. near Cincinnati, Ohio, 26 April, 1820; d. in New York city, 12 Feb., 1871. Her parents were people of good education and training, but, from the privations incident to a newly settled country, her early advantages of education were very moderate. So far as regards the