Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/572

538 roll of Carrollton became respectively Marchioness Wellesley, Duchess of Leeds, and Lady Stafford. — A grandson, John Lee, governor of "Maryland, b. at Homewood, near Baltimore, Md., in 1830, was educated in the Roman Catholic colleges at George- town, D. C, at Emmettsburg, Md., and at Harvard law school, was admitted to the bar in 1851, re- moved to New York in 1859, where he served as U. S. commissioner, returned to Baltimore in 1862, was elected to the state senate in 1867 and again in 1871, and in 1875 elected governor. He married a daughter of Royal Phelps, of New York.

CARROLL, Daniel, patriot, b. in Maryland ; d. in Washington, D. C, in 1829, at a great age. He was a member of the old congress, in 1780-'4 a delegate to the convention that framed the IT. S. constitution, a representative in congress in 1789- "91, and was in the latter year appointed commis- sioner for surveying the District of Columbia. His farm formed the site of the present city of Wash- ington. He was a cousin of Charles Carroll.

CARROLL, John, R. C. archbishop, b. in Upper Marlborough, Md., in 1735 ; d. in Georgetown, D. C, in 1817. He was descended from the first family of Carrolls, whose representatives emigrated to Maryland about 1689, and whose members be- came possessed of vast landed estates in that prov- ince prior to the revolution. He was a cousin of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and sympathized with him in his patriotic resist- ance to the Brit- ish crown. At the time of his birth, as the laws of Maryland prohibited Ro- man Catholics from maintain- ing schools for the education of their youth in the jarovince, young Carroll, who had at- tached himself to the Society of Jesus, was sent to the Jes- uit college of St. Omer's in French Flan- ders, and thence to Liege for his training under the severe regimen of that order. He was ordained priest at Liege in 1759, having first surrendered his property to his brother and sisters. Up to 1771 he was professor of moral philosophy in St. Omer's and Liege, and in the same year admitted as a professed father into that society. The next two years were occupied in a tour through Europe, in company with the son of Lord Stourton, to whom he was appointed tutor. Father Carroll filled the office of prefect to the Jesuit college at Bruges in 1773, having been obliged to leave France by reason of the decree of the parliament of Paris expelling the Jesuits. The society having been suppressed by the pope in the same year, he was forced to abandon the continent, and, in company with the English Jesuits of Flanders, took refuge in England, whence he conducted important nego- tiations with the French government in reference to the property held by the society in France. He was appointed chaplain to his kinsman Lord Annidel, and performed missionary duties in the neighborhood of Wardour Castle up to the middle of June, 1774. The agitation in Maryland and Amer- ica for resistance to the crown enlisted his earliest sympathies. The condition of the Roman Catho- lics of Maryland was so unhappy that their leaders, the Carrolls, were looking for some other place of refuge. The celebration of the mass was forbidden by law, Roman Catholic schools for the education of their youth were prohibited, and they were de- nied the right to bear arms, at that time the insig- nium of social position and gentle breeding. This, in a province founded by Roman Catholics, under the patronage of the Society of Jesus, on the prin- ciple of religious toleration, and as a refuge for their co-religionists from all the world, was unbear- able, and consequently Charles Carroll, who repre- sented great wealth, and John Carroll, who repre- sented the chui'ch, applied to the king of France for a grant of land beyond the Mississippi, in the territory of Louisiana, where they might found a new Roman Catholic and Jesuit refuge and lead a second exodus as Cjeeilius Calvert had done to Maryland. The issue between the crown and the colonies opened another way of relief, and John Carroll returned at once to his native country, where he threw himself with his whole heart into the patriotic cause, which was at the same time to his people the cause of liberty of conscience and freedom of thought. He was pious, learned, elo- quent, and patriotic, and represented a powerful family in Ireland and in Maryland, the great order which was strongly intrenched in landed estates and in the affections of the people. No greater power of combined wealth, intellect, and enthusi- asm existed anywhere in America than the union of the Carrolls and the Jesuits in Maryland in the person of John Carroll. He quitted England 26 June, 1774, and, on his arrival in America, devoted himself to missionary duty in Maryland and Vir- ginia. In February, 1776, he was appointed by the Continental congress commissioner, with Carroll of Carrollton, Samuel Chase, and Benjamin Franklin, to go to Canada and endeavor to secure the co-op- eration of the French Roman Catholics of that province with their friends and co-religionists in Maryland, in the common cause. But he was not successful in this mission. The health of Dr. Franklin having become enfeebled by the journey, Father Carroll returned with him, nursing him with a care that laid the foundation of their life- long friendship. During the struggle for inde- pendence he rendered important services to his country by his letters to friends in every part of Europe, explaining the situation. At the close of the war the Roman Catholics of the LTnited States were anxious to be freed from the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the vicar-apostolic of London, and the clergy petitioned the pope to appoint a superior over them who would owe allegiance to the govei'n- ment of their country alone. The papal nuncio at Paris consulted with Dr. Franklin, and, at the lat- ter's request, Father Carroll was appointed supe- rior of the clergy of the United States in 1784. The bishopric of Baltimore was establislied in 1788 in accordance with a second petition of the clergy, and. Dr. Carroll being their choice for bishop, he was consecrated in England in 1790. The diocese of Baltimore remained for years the only Roman Catholic diocese in the United States, and em- braced all the states and territories of the union. The first care of the new bishop was to visit all the towns of his diocese that contained Roman Catholic congregations, and he also gave attention to the French settlements in the west, which had hereto- foi-e depended on the bishop of Quebec. His efforts