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626 Jeans in 1814. He served as a lieutenant of infantry under Gen. Jackson in the campaign that terminated 8 Jan., 1815, and then actively engaged in the profession of law. Soon afterward, in con- nection with Mr. L. Moreau, he began the translation of those portions of "Las Siete Partidas," a celebrated Spanish code of laws, that were observed in Louisiana. He became U. S. district attorney' for the eastern district of Louisiana in 1832, and was subsequently appointed a judge of the supreme court of the same state, but resigned in 1839 on account of ill health. After extended travels in Eu- rope and in this country he settled in Philadelphia, where he devoted much attention to biblical, theo- logical, and metaphysical studies. Notwithstand- ing his early life in the south and the exposure of his property to confiscation by the confederates, he adhered steadfastly to the Union during the civil war. He published " Liberty and Necessity " (Phila- delphia, 1857), and read an " Essay on the Will " before the American philosophical society a few days before his death.

CARLETON, James Henry, soldier, b. in Maine in 1814; d. in San Antonio, Texas, 7 Jan., 1873. He was a lieutenant of Maine volunteers during what was known as the Aroostook war, rela- tive to the northeastern boundary of the United States, and in February, 1839, after the conclusion of that controversy, was commissioned second lieu- tenant of the 1st U. S. dragoons. He was pro- moted to first lieutenant on 17 March, 1845, and was assistant commissary of subsistence of Kearny's expedition to the Rocky mountains in 1846. He served on Gen. Wool's staff in Mexico, became captain on 16 Feb., 1847, and was brevetted major on the 23d of that month for gallantry at Buena Vista. After the Mexican war he was engaged principally on exploring expeditions and against hostile Indians. On 7 Sept., 1861, he was com- missioned major of the 6th cavalry and ordered to southern California. In the spring of 1862 he raised a body of troops known as the " California column," and marched with them across the Yuma and Gila deserts to Mesilla on the Rio Grande. On 28 April he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and ordered to relieve Gen. Canby as commander of the department of New Mexico, where he remained for several years, taking part in several engagements. On 13 March, 1865, he was raised by brevet through all ranks up to briga- dier-general in the regular army for his services in New Mexico, and brevetted major-general, U. S. army, for his conduct during the war. On 31 July, 1866, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 4th cavalry, and in Jime, 1868, promoted to colonel of the 2d cavalry and ordered with his regi- ment soon after to Texas. Gen. Carleton pub- lished " The Battle of Buena Vista, with the Opera- tions of the Army of Occupation for one Month " (New York, 1848), and occasionally contributed to military periodicals.

CARLETON, Osgood, mathematician, b. in 1742 ; d. in Litchfield, N. II., in June, 1816. He served in the French war, and was an officer in the revolutionary army. While residing in Massachu- setts he published valuable maps of that state and of the district of Maine. He also published the " American Navigator " (1801) ; " South Amei'ican Pilot" (1804); a "Map of the United States" (1806) ; and " Practice of Arithmetic " (1810).

CARLETON, Will, author, b. in Hudson, Lena- wee CO., Mich., 21 Oct., 1845. He was graduated at Hillsdale in 1869. In 1878, and again in 1885, he visited Europe, spending most of the time in travel. In literature he is best known by his bal- lads of domestic life, nearly all of which have earned a wide popularity. Shortly after leaving college he began to lecture before societies and lyce- ums, visiting Great Britain and Canada for this purpose, l)osides most of the northern and western states. His ])ul)lished books are "Poems" (Chica- go, 1871); "Farm Ballads" (New York, 1873); " Farm Legends " (1875); "Young Folks' Centen- nial Rhymes " (1876) ; " Farm Festivals " (1881) ; and " City Ballads " (1885).

CARLILE, John Snyder, senator, b. in Win- chester. Va., 16 Dec. 1817; d. in Clarksburg, W. Va., 24 Oct., 1878. He was educated by his mother until he was fourteen years old, when he became salesman in a store, and at the age of seventeen went into business on his own account. He then studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1840, and began practice in Beverly, Va. He was a state senator from 1847 till 1851, a member of the State constitutional convention of 1850, and in 1855 elected to congress as a unionist, and served one term. Mr. Carlile was a prominent union member of the Virginia convention of 1861, and did all in his power to prevent the secession of his state, op- posing any action by which Virginia should place herself in an attitude of hostility to the general government. After the passage of the secession ordinance he was a leader in the union movement in western Virginia. He was one of those that issued a union address to the people of West Vir- ginia on 22 May, and was prominent in the Wheel- ing convention of June, 1861. He was averse, however, to the formation of a new state, prefer- ring that congress should recognize the unionist government at Wheeling as the true state govern- ment of Virginia. He was again chosen to con- gress in 1861, but kept his seat in the house only from 4 July till 13 July, when he was elected U. S. senator, and served until 1865. In the senate he was unifoj'mly in favor of a strict construction of the constitution, opposing all measures recog- nizing that there existed a rebellion of states in- stead of individuals, and denying the right of con- gress to interfere in any way with the slaves.

CARLIN, John, artist, b. in Philadelphia. Pa., 15 June, 1813 ; d. in New York city, 23 April, 1891. After graduation at the Pennsylvania institute for the deaf and dumb in 1825, he studied drawing and portrait-painting in Philadelphia in 1833-'4. In 1838 he went to London, studying the antique in the National museum, and tlien to Paris, where he was a pupil of Delaroche. He returned to the United States in 1841, and for many years made a specialty of painting miniatures on ivory. After photography became popular he turned his atten- tion to landscapes and genre pictures. He became a member of the Artists' fund society in 1859, and sent to its annual exhibitions, among other pictures, " The Flight into Egypt," " Dolce far Niente," and " Okt Fort, St. Lawrence River." Among his recent contributions to its exhibitions are " The Village Gossips " (1880) ; " The Admirer of Nature " and" The Twin Grandchildren " (1881) ; "Old and Young" (1882): "Going after Marsh- mallows" (1883); "Solid Comfort" (1884); and "The Grandfather's Story" (1885). Mr. Carlin has also written some poetry. Among liis contri- butions to the national academy exhibitions are " Playing at Dominoes " (1870) ; " A View of Tren- ton Falls" (1873); "The Toil-Gate" (1875); "Af- ter Work" (1878); and "The Orphaned Grand- child" (1886).

CARLIN, Thomas, governor of Illinois, b. in Kentucky in 1791: d. 4 Feb., 1852. He was a pioneer to Illinois in 1813, served under Gen. How-